{"id":530,"date":"2024-05-15T14:32:58","date_gmt":"2024-05-15T14:32:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/?p=530"},"modified":"2026-02-19T21:53:56","modified_gmt":"2026-02-19T14:53:56","slug":"tieu-chuan-tiet-kiem-nhien-lieu-de-khu-cacbon-cho-cac-phuong-tien-hang-nhe-tai-uc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/vi\/tieu-chuan-tiet-kiem-nhien-lieu-de-khu-cacbon-cho-cac-phuong-tien-hang-nhe-tai-uc\/","title":{"rendered":"Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1eed cacbon cho c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n h\u1ea1ng nh\u1eb9 t\u1ea1i \u00dac"},"content":{"rendered":"

Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n l\u1edbn ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh ho\u1eb7c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp v\u1ec1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i CO2 ho\u1eb7c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n h\u1ea1ng nh\u1eb9, v\u00e0 \u00dac l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3(1)<\/sup>. Nh\u1eefng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch quan tr\u1ecdng gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh (GHG) t\u1eeb xe \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed1t trong (ICEV) v\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng xe \u0111i\u1ec7n (EV), c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u gi\u00fap ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu(2)<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Australia \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i carbon r\u00f2ng b\u1eb1ng 0 tr\u00ean to\u00e0n n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2050(3)<\/sup>. Giao th\u00f4ng v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i hi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i l\u1edbn th\u1ee9 ba trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, sau s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m cho g\u1ea7n 1\/4 t\u1ed5ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh(4)<\/sup>. LDV l\u00e0 \u00f4 t\u00f4 ch\u1edf kh\u00e1ch (PC)<\/strong> v\u00e0 xe th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i h\u1ea1ng nh\u1eb9 (LCV)<\/strong>, nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i xe n\u00e0y chi\u1ebfm g\u1ea7n 2\/3 t\u1ed5ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i giao th\u00f4ng v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a Australia v\u00e0 12% t\u1ed5ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i GHG c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc(5)<\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2017, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c xe LDV \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u t\u1ea1i th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u00dac \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i xe n\u00e0y l\u00e0 xe m\u1edbi(6)<\/sup>. C\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u xe ch\u00ednh v\u00e0o \u00dac l\u00e0 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, Th\u00e1i Lan, H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c, Li\u00ean minh Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c.7 Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c minh h\u1ecda trong H\u00ecnh 1, LDV \u1edf \u00dac nh\u00ecn chung c\u00f3 m\u1ee9c ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i cao h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1edbn kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u ho\u1eb7c CO2. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i CO2 trung b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9i xe \u00dac \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n m\u1edbi v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2020 t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng gam tr\u00ean km trong Chu k\u1ef3 L\u00e1i xe Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u M\u1edbi (NEDC) cao h\u01a1n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a EU 46% \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi PC v\u00e0 37% \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi LCV v\u00e0 so v\u1edbi Hoa K\u1ef3 , cao h\u01a1n 31% \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi PC v\u00e0 cao h\u01a1n 24% \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi LCV(8)<\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Xe \u00f4 t\u00f4 ch\u1edf kh\u00e1ch<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
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Xe th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i h\u1ea1ng nh\u1eb9<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

H\u00ecnh 1. Xu h\u01b0\u1edbng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i CO2, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a theo NEDC, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u00f4 t\u00f4 ch\u1edf kh\u00e1ch v\u00e0 xe th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i h\u1ea1ng nh\u1eb9 \u1edf \u00dac v\u00e0 c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng xe \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u00dac \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trong 2 n\u0103m qua. C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u01b0u \u0111\u00e3i c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 ti\u1ec3u bang v\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eabu xe s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 t\u0103ng l\u00ean v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n(9)<\/sup>. Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng xe \u0111i\u1ec7n \u1edf \u00dac v\u1eabn t\u1ee5t h\u1eadu \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u. N\u0103m 2021, t\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng xe \u0111i\u1ec7n trong doanh s\u1ed1 LDV m\u1edbi \u1edf \u00dac ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 2%; con s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c trung b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a EU l\u00e0 17% v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c trung b\u00ecnh to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng xe h\u01a1i l\u1edbn l\u00e0 9%.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00e0o n\u1eeda cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 2022, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Australia \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u tham v\u1ea5n c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1eb1m thu th\u1eadp \u00fd ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u cho ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n giao th\u00f4ng qu\u1ed1c gia(10)<\/sup>. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y nh\u1eb1m khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch vi\u1ec7c cung c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 mua xe \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau v\u1ec1 kh\u00ed h\u1eadu c\u1ee7a Australia. \u0110\u1ec3 gi\u00fap hi\u1ec3u t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i CO2 trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed9i xe LDV tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a b\u1ed1n k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n: m\u1ed9t k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n di\u1ec5n ra b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n n\u00e0o; k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i CO2 t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3; m\u1ed9t k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau EV c\u1ea5p ti\u1ec3u bang hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3; v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh tham v\u1ecdng \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ea5p th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Sau khi tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3, b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y k\u1ebft th\u00fac b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u00dac \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ea7u th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1edbi v\u00e0o gi\u1eefa n\u0103m 2022 v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 nhanh ch\u00f3ng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea9y nhanh vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau m\u1edbi l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i CO2 tr\u00ean to\u00e0n n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf xu\u1ed1ng 43% so v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c n\u0103m 2005 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2030(11)<\/sup>. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t h\u01a1n m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau 26%\u201328% tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3(12)<\/sup>. Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 li\u00ean bang c\u0169ng \u0111ang nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh vi\u1ec7c kh\u1eed cacbon trong giao th\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c xe \u0111i\u1ec7n qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u cho \u0111\u1ed9i xe LDV(13)<\/sup>. Australia \u0111ang \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng xe \u0111i\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c \u01b0u \u0111\u00e3i v\u1ec1 xe \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o, n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng s\u1ea1c xe \u0111i\u1ec7n(14)<\/sup>. Ngo\u00e0i ra, ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 bang \u0111\u1eb7t ra c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau v\u1ec1 m\u1ee9c 0 r\u00f2ng tr\u00ean to\u00e0n n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2050 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi tham v\u1ecdng qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00f3 ng\u00e0y m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau s\u1edbm h\u01a1n n\u0103m 2050(15)<\/sup>. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: L\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 Th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 \u00dac c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 r\u00f2ng v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2045 v\u00e0 Tasmania c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 r\u00f2ng v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2030, do kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ea1o ra 100% s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o bao g\u1ed3m th\u1ee7y \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 gi\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ghi nh\u00e3n m\u1ee9c ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi LDV m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1n \u1edf \u00dac.16 N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Quy t\u1eafc thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ee7a \u00dac (ADR) 81\/02 v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1ee9c ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i CO2 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh theo chu tr\u00ecnh th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m NEDC. Tuy nhi\u00ean, d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u1eb1ng chu tr\u00ecnh NEDC kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n l\u00e1i xe trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u00f3, s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t ki\u1ec3u v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ef1c s\u1ebd t\u0103ng l\u00ean theo th\u1eddi gian. Kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch trung b\u00ecnh gi\u1eefa ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t lo\u1ea1i NEDC v\u00e0 CO2 trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ef1c<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u0103m 2020, Ph\u00f2ng C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u00d4 t\u00f4 Li\u00ean bang \u00dac (FCAI) \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i CO2 t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n cho LDV m\u1edbi.18 FCAI l\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i LDV t\u1ea1i \u00dac(19)<\/sup>. Nh\u01b0 B\u1ea3ng 1 cho th\u1ea5y, M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i CO2 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh cho LDV m\u1edbi t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2020 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2030 cho hai lo\u1ea1i: MA (PC v\u00e0 SUV h\u1ea1ng nh\u1eb9) v\u00e0 MC+NA (SUV n\u1eb7ng h\u01a1n v\u00e0 LCV)(20)<\/sup>. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ph\u00e2n kh\u00fac nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u xe ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i xe th\u00e0nh MC+NA \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u00edt nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t h\u01a1n, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n trong ph\u00e2n t\u00edch n\u00e0y v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u1edf c\u1ed9t ngo\u00e0i c\u00f9ng b\u00ean ph\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a B\u1ea3ng 1 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau FCAI. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i CO2 c\u1ee7a FCAI b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u1ecb ph\u1ea7n b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng n\u0103m 2020 cho hai lo\u1ea1i xe, 66% cho MA v\u00e0 34% cho MC+NA, \u0111\u1ec3 \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p trung b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9i xe cho LDV m\u1edbi(21)<\/sup>. L\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i CO2 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh theo ADR 81\/02.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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C\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u1ee9c trung b\u00ecnh c\u00f3 tr\u1ecdng s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a th\u1ecb ph\u1ea7n b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng n\u0103m 2020 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, bao g\u1ed3m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u0111o\u00e0n t\u00e0u \u0111i\u1ec7n, 66% MA v\u00e0 34% MC+NA.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vi\u1ec7c tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a FCAI \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u t\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho ph\u00e9p \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1eebng lo\u1ea1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n, bao g\u1ed3m t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng ngo\u00e0i chu k\u1ef3, t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng si\u00eau cao v\u00e0 t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed; c\u00f2n c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 ghi n\u1ee3 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n v\u00e0 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty \u00f4 t\u00f4(22)<\/sup>. C\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng ngo\u00e0i chu k\u1ef3 bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng cho b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 lo\u1ea1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n n\u00e0o v\u00e0 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty \u00f4 t\u00f4. C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i th\u1ea5p ho\u1eb7c ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp trong chu tr\u00ecnh th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m. FCAI bao g\u1ed3m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng ngo\u00e0i chu k\u1ef3 c\u1ee7a EU v\u00e0 Hoa K\u1ef3, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, theo Li\u00ean minh Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u00e0 Hoa K\u1ef3, cho ph\u00e9p t\u1ed1i \u0111a 7 g\/km tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng ngo\u00e0i chu k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed7i c\u00f4ng ty \u00f4 t\u00f4. C\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng si\u00eau l\u1edbn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao cho vi\u1ec7c b\u00e1n c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i v\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00f9y theo m\u1ee9c ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n. Xe ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i th\u1ea5p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh l\u00e0 hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n n\u1ebfu l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i CO2 n\u1eb1m trong kho\u1ea3ng m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n ba m\u1ee9c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n r\u01b0\u1ee1i khi ch\u00fang th\u1ea3i ra h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n ba nh\u01b0ng \u00edt h\u01a1n hai ph\u1ea7n ba l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00ec FCAI l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 s\u1ef1 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7. Kh\u00f4ng c\u01a1 quan ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 n\u00e0o thu th\u1eadp, theo d\u00f5i ho\u1eb7c ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty \u00f4 t\u00f4 ho\u1eb7c vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecd s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 t\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 n\u00e0o. FCAI \u0111\u00e3 k\u00eau g\u1ecdi ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 bi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 th\u00e0nh ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9i t\u00e0u LDV c\u1ee7a Australia(23)<\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1eb7t ra c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau cho vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng xe \u0111i\u1ec7n, ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n c\u00e1c bang \u1edf \u00dac nh\u00ecn chung t\u00edch c\u1ef1c h\u01a1n ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 li\u00ean bang(24)<\/sup>. B\u1ea3ng 2 cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ch\u00ednh v\u1ec1 doanh s\u1ed1 b\u00e1n xe \u0111i\u1ec7n \u1edf c\u00e1c bang c\u1ee7a \u00dac, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7t k\u00ea theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3m d\u1ea7n v\u1ec1 th\u1ecb ph\u1ea7n qu\u1ed1c gia c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 LDV v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2021. N\u0103m trong s\u1ed1 t\u00e1m ti\u1ec3u bang c\u1ee7a \u00dac, c\u00f9ng chi\u1ebfm 87% doanh s\u1ed1 b\u00e1n LDV v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2021, \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ea1t 100% doanh s\u1ed1 b\u00e1n xe \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2035\u20132036. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 bang c\u0169ng \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi l\u00e0 doanh s\u1ed1 b\u00e1n xe \u0111i\u1ec7n kho\u1ea3ng 50% v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2030. Ba bang c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau b\u00e1n xe \u0111i\u1ec7n nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau cho \u0111\u1ed9i xe ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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B\u1ea3ng 2. T\u00f3m t\u1eaft c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau b\u00e1n xe \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ea5p ti\u1ec3u bang.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
    \n
  • a<\/strong> <\/sup>\u01af\u1edbc t\u00ednh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng n\u0103m 2021 theo ti\u1ec3u bang. Ngu\u1ed3n: Mike Costello, \u201cVFACTS: Chi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u1ec1 doanh s\u1ed1 b\u00e1n \u00f4 t\u00f4 m\u1edbi n\u0103m 2021 c\u1ee7a \u00dac,\u201d CarExpert, ng\u00e0y 6 th\u00e1ng 1 n\u0103m 2022, , https:\/\/www.carexpert.com.au\/car-news\/vfacts-australias-2021-new-car-sales-detailed-in-full<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • b<\/strong> <\/sup>52% v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2030\u20132031<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • c<\/strong> <\/sup>Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 New South Wales. Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c xe \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a NSW, th\u00e1ng 6 n\u0103m 2021, https:\/\/www.energy.nsw.gov.au\/sites\/default\/files\/2022-09\/nsw-electric-vehicle-strategy-210225.pdf<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • d<\/strong> <\/sup>Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 V\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Anh, Tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 COP26 v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ea9y nhanh qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i sang \u00f4 t\u00f4 v\u00e0 xe t\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i 100%, c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt ng\u00e0y 17 th\u00e1ng 11 n\u0103m 2022, https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/cop26-declaration-zero-emission-cars-and-vans\/cop26-declaration-on-accelerating-the-transitionto-100-zero-emission-cars-and-vans<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • e<\/strong> <\/sup>Ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Bang Victoria, L\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a Victoria, th\u00e1ng 5 n\u0103m 2021 https:\/\/www.energy.vic.gov.au\/__data\/assets\/pdf_file\/0031\/583726\/Zero-emission-vehicle-roadmap.pdf<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • f<\/strong> <\/sup>M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau 100% c\u1ee7a Queensland l\u00e0 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2036<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • g<\/strong> <\/sup>“Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a Queensland,\u201d Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Queensland, c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt ng\u00e0y 20 th\u00e1ng 9 n\u0103m 2022, https:\/\/www.qld.gov.au\/transport\/projects\/electricvehicles\/zero-emission-strategy<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • h<\/strong> <\/sup>M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau b\u00e1n xe \u0111i\u1ec7n cho \u0111\u1ed9i xe c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 ch\u1ec9 \u1edf T\u00e2y \u00dac: doanh s\u1ed1 b\u00e1n xe \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u00e0 25% t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2025 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2026; Tasmania: doanh s\u1ed1 b\u00e1n 100% xe \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2030; v\u00e0 L\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 ph\u00eda B\u1eafc: t\u0103ng s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng xe \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u00ean 200 chi\u1ebfc v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2030.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • i<\/strong> <\/sup>C\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng xe \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ea5p ti\u1ec3u bang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh theo th\u1ecb ph\u1ea7n qu\u1ed1c gia c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng qu\u1ed1c gia. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi n\u0103m 2030, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c bang c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau 100% xe \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2035 s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea1t doanh s\u1ed1 50% xe \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2030, ngay c\u1ea3 khi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 cho n\u0103m 2030.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

    Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ea5p ti\u1ec3u bang t\u00ednh theo th\u1ecb ph\u1ea7n qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 doanh s\u1ed1 b\u00e1n xe \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u00ean to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c l\u00e0 45% v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2030 v\u00e0 86% v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2035. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ph\u00e2n t\u00edch n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c bang c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau b\u00e1n 100% xe \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2035 s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea1t kho\u1ea3ng 50 % doanh s\u1ed1 b\u00e1n xe \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2030, ngay c\u1ea3 khi h\u1ecd ch\u01b0a c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi cho n\u0103m 2030. B\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i tham v\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh kh\u1eed cacbon c\u1ee7a LDV, c\u00e1c bang \u1edf \u00dac kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t ra c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u(25)<\/sup>. C\u1ea7n c\u00f3 lu\u1eadt li\u00ean bang \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t ra c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c thi t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i CO2 t\u1eeb LDV \u1edf \u00dac, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ed1n k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch trong \u0111\u00f3 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o v\u1ec1 doanh s\u1ed1 b\u00e1n xe v\u00e0 c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 carbon c\u1ee7a l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n Australia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh L\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a ICCT \u0111\u1ec3 \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i CO2 t\u1eeb xe t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ebfn b\u00e1nh xe (TTW) v\u00e0 b\u00e1nh xe t\u1ed1t (WTW) ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ef1c cho t\u1eebng k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n.26 L\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i TTW l\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i t\u1eeb \u1ed1ng x\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i WTW l\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i t\u1eeb qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, x\u1eed l\u00fd, ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u, ngo\u00e0i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i TTW(27)<\/sup>. Do \u0111\u00f3, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch WTW n\u00e0y kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi, v\u1ed1n c\u0169ng bao g\u1ed3m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f2ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i cu\u1ed1i v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi nh\u01b0 k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf, thu h\u1ed3i v\u00e0 th\u1ea3i b\u1ecf v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u(28)<\/sup>. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n giao th\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c l\u00e1i xe v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i t\u1eeb l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n do cung c\u1ea5p n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho xe \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    T\u1ed5ng quan v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ed1n k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \n
    1. K\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n c\u01a1 s\u1edf l\u00e0 k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n di\u1ec5n ra b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/strong>, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i CO2 b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch xe \u0111i\u1ec7n \u1edf c\u1ea5p qu\u1ed1c gia. N\u00f3 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean xu h\u01b0\u1edbng gi\u1ea3m ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i CO2 trong \u1ed1ng x\u1ea3 g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ee7a \u00dac t\u1eeb ICEV v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 doanh s\u1ed1 b\u00e1n xe \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    2. K\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi FCAI gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng \u00dac \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau FCAI t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n<\/strong> l\u00e0m ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i CO2 b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2024 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2030. K\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n n\u00e0y gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m d\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i ICEV v\u00e0 t\u0103ng doanh s\u1ed1 b\u00e1n xe \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3m th\u00eam l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i ICEV v\u00e0 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 doanh s\u1ed1 b\u00e1n xe \u0111i\u1ec7n sau n\u0103m 2030 n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a FCAI.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    3. K\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a ti\u1ec3u bang gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i CO2 qu\u1ed1c gia <\/strong>ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t v\u1edbi t\u1ed5ng c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau b\u00e1n xe \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ti\u1ec3u bang b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2024 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m d\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i ICEV. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n t\u1eeb d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00ean gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau b\u00e1n xe \u0111i\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ti\u1ec3u bang s\u1ebd \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o v\u00e0o t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng doanh s\u1ed1 b\u00e1n xe \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u00ean to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u0169ng gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00eam r\u1eb1ng ICEV m\u1edbi s\u1ebd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i \u00edt h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i CO2.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    4. K\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ea5p th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u00dac nh\u01b0 sau<\/strong>: m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau doanh s\u1ed1 b\u00e1n xe \u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2024; ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n CO2 c\u1ee7a New Zealand cho n\u0103m 2025; Nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ZEV c\u1ee7a California \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2030, chi\u1ebfm 68% th\u1ecb ph\u1ea7n EV; v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i CO2 do Li\u00ean minh Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2035, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi 100% th\u1ecb ph\u1ea7n xe \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u1ea1y pin (BEV). T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a FCAI v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a Ti\u1ec3u bang, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i ICEV m\u1edbi \u1edf m\u1ee9c cao h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi K\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n c\u01a1 s\u1edf.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

      B\u1ea3ng 3 l\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng quan v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh cho t\u1eebng k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m qua, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi m\u1ee9c gi\u1ea3m ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i CO2 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i so v\u1edbi n\u0103m c\u01a1 s\u1edf 2019. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ch\u1ecdn n\u0103m 2019 l\u00e0m c\u01a1 s\u1edf v\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 \u1ed1ng x\u1ea3 LDV \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i CO2 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n t\u1eeb b\u00e1o c\u00e1o c\u1ee7a \u1ee6y ban Giao th\u00f4ng V\u1eadn t\u1ea3i Qu\u1ed1c gia (NTC)(29)<\/sup>. L\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i CO2 trung b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9i xe trong n\u0103m 2020 v\u00e0 2021 c\u00f3 trong c\u00e1c b\u00e1o c\u00e1o g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a NTC, nh\u01b0ng s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 bao g\u1ed3m t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng ngo\u00e0i chu k\u1ef3 FCAI v\u00e0 si\u00eau t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng cho xe \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i th\u1ea5p m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 s\u1ed1 t\u00edn ch\u1ec9 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb m\u1ed7i danh m\u1ee5c. Trong B\u1ea3ng 3, th\u1ecb ph\u1ea7n b\u00e1n xe \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ecb ph\u1ea7n xe \u0111i\u1ec7n trong doanh s\u1ed1 b\u00e1n xe m\u1edbi trong m\u1ed9t n\u0103m nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 bao g\u1ed3m BEV v\u00e0 xe \u0111i\u1ec7n hybrid c\u1eafm \u0111i\u1ec7n (PHEV). Cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi BEV tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb, c\u1ea3 ICEV v\u00e0 PHEV \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 s\u1ebd tr\u1edf n\u00ean hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n th\u00f4ng qua c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, nh\u1eb1m gi\u00fap \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \"\"
      B\u1ea3ng 3. T\u1ed5ng quan v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

      \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed7i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p trong s\u1ed1 ba tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t sau \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \u00bb Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi LDV c\u00f3 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c thi \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ebd c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2024.
      \u00bb C\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i CO2 nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t h\u01a1n m\u1ed7i n\u0103m, th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ed9i t\u00e0u m\u1edbi.
      \u00bb Australia \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng quy tr\u00ecnh th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m mang t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 WLTP \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t ki\u1ec3u v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ef1c, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t m\u1ee9c ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u tr\u00ean t\u00e0u \u0111\u1ec3 theo d\u00f5i kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i trong c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n n\u1ebfu kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch t\u0103ng theo th\u1eddi gian.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 xe \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 gi\u1ea3m ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i t\u1eeb \u1ed1ng x\u1ea3 trong B\u1ea3ng 3 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn chi ti\u1ebft trong hai ti\u1ec3u m\u1ee5c sau. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t s\u1ebd c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 linh ho\u1ea1t cho ph\u00e9p h\u1ecd tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n th\u00f4ng qua nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Th\u1ecb ph\u1ea7n xe \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

      \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed7i k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a Ti\u1ec3u bang, th\u1ecb ph\u1ea7n b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng cho BEV v\u00e0 PHEV \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n chia 84%\u201316% \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan s\u00e1t t\u1eeb d\u1eef li\u1ec7u doanh s\u1ed1 b\u00e1n xe \u0111i\u1ec7n qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2021.30 \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a Ti\u1ec3u bang, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea5y 100% Doanh s\u1ed1 b\u00e1n BEV cho c\u00e1c ti\u1ec3u bang \u0111\u00e3 k\u00fd tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 COP26 nh\u1eb1m h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi 100% ZEV v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ti\u1ec3u bang kh\u00e1c, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u do H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng EV c\u1ee7a \u00dac chia s\u1ebb \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n chia doanh s\u1ed1 BEV-PHEV v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2021.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      K\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n c\u01a1 s\u1edf gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng doanh s\u1ed1 b\u00e1n xe \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u \u1edf \u00dac v\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n c\u01a1 s\u1edf v\u1ec1 t\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng doanh s\u1ed1 b\u00e1n xe \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng xe h\u01a1i l\u1edbn, l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ee7a ICCT.31 T\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng doanh s\u1ed1 b\u00e1n xe \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u n\u00e0y ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi K\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e3 n\u00eau c\u1ee7a IEA v\u00e0 l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a ICEV v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed pin theo th\u1eddi gian.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi FCAI, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh t\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng doanh s\u1ed1 b\u00e1n xe \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00e0ng n\u0103m l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00e0m s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i CO2 trung b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9i xe FCAI v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c gi\u1ea3m ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i t\u1eeb ICEV v\u00e0 PHEV t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2024 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2030.32 Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i ICEV v\u00e0 PHEV m\u1edbi gi\u1ea3m h\u00e0ng n\u0103m nh\u01b0 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y trong B\u1ea3ng 3 v\u1edbi c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ICEV cao h\u01a1n. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ti\u1ebfp theo sau n\u0103m 2030, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh doanh s\u1ed1 b\u00e1n xe \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ebd t\u0103ng v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1eadm h\u01a1n sau n\u0103m 2030. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0a c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng FCAI kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0o m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Vi\u1ec7c bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e0ng l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau FCAI. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: v\u1edbi si\u00eau t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng FCAI, t\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng doanh s\u1ed1 b\u00e1n xe \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng 6% v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2025 v\u00e0 9% v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2030, v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c n\u00e0y th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 so v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      B\u1ea3ng 3. Do \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 xem x\u00e9t m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t t\u1ed1i \u0111a cho c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau FCAI m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh tr\u1ecdng s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a Ti\u1ec3u bang, th\u1ecb ph\u1ea7n b\u00e1n xe \u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p t\u1eeb m\u1ed7i ti\u1ec3u bang d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng xe \u0111i\u1ec7n ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 t\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd trong t\u1ed5ng doanh s\u1ed1 b\u00e1n xe to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c. \u0110\u1ec3 \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh doanh s\u1ed1 b\u00e1n xe \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ebd t\u0103ng g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i sau m\u1ed7i 5 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u0103m m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau v\u00e0
      b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: n\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t ti\u1ec3u bang \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau b\u00e1n 100% xe \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2035, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng bang \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea1t doanh s\u1ed1 b\u00e1n 25% xe \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2025 v\u00e0 50% v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2030.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ea5p th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, th\u1ecb ph\u1ea7n doanh s\u1ed1 b\u00e1n xe \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103m 2025 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i CO2 trung b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9i xe New Zealand v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2025.33 Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng xe \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i ICEV \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh Chia s\u1ebb doanh s\u1ed1 b\u00e1n xe \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i CO2 trung b\u00ecnh cho \u0111\u1ed9i xe n\u0103m 2025 c\u1ee7a \u00dac v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i CO2 trung b\u00ecnh cho \u0111\u1ed9i xe n\u0103m 2025 c\u1ee7a New Zealand. N\u1ebfu l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i ICEV gi\u1ea3m nhanh h\u01a1n m\u1ee9c 3% gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh, th\u1ecb ph\u1ea7n b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng EV c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n 35% v\u00e0 v\u1eabn b\u1eaft k\u1ecbp ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a New Zealand v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2025. Th\u1ecb ph\u1ea7n b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng EV n\u0103m 2030 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u Xe s\u1ea1ch n\u00e2ng cao (ACC)-II c\u1ee7a California 68% doanh s\u1ed1 b\u00e1n xe \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2030.34 T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 doanh s\u1ed1 b\u00e1n xe \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103m 2035 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n Fit for 55 do Li\u00ean minh Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t l\u00e0 0 gCO2\/ km v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2035, m\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a l\u00e0 doanh s\u1ed1 100% BEV.35<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      C\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u1eb1ng t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 l\u00e1i xe \u0111i\u1ec7n trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi PHEV th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n c\u1ee7a th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t ki\u1ec3u lo\u1ea1i \u1edf Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u00e0 PHEV c\u00f3 m\u1ee9c ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i CO2 trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ef1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 ICEV.36 \u1ee6y ban Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 th\u00f4ng qua Euro -6e s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i quy tr\u00ecnh ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t lo\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u \u0111\u1ec3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i CO2 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ef1c h\u01a1n cho PHEV.37 Do \u0111\u00f3, trong k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ea5p th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 coi PHEV l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n sang BEV v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2035.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Gi\u1ea3m ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i ICEV<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

      \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi K\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n c\u01a1 s\u1edf, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ICEV gi\u1ea3m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i CO2 \u1edf m\u1ee9c 0,5% m\u1ed7i n\u0103m t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2020 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2050, trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i CO2 ho\u1eb7c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch EV n\u00e0o. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean xu h\u01b0\u1edbng gi\u1ea3m ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i CO2 ICEV \u1edf \u00dac t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2015 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2019(38)<\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed7i k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n trong s\u1ed1 ba k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng ICEV m\u1edbi s\u1ebd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i \u00edt h\u01a1n khi c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t h\u01a1n m\u1ed7i n\u0103m cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi BEV tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i CO2 b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2024. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u0103m 2024, v\u1eabn c\u00f3 m\u1ed1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf v\u1ec1. Gi\u1ea3m 0,5% l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i CO2 h\u00e0ng n\u0103m cho ICEV. Sau khi c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i ICEV b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u gi\u1ea3m \u1edf m\u1ee9c 3% m\u1ed7i n\u0103m cho \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2030 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi FCAI v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2035 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ea5p th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 gi\u1ea3m 3% ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng PC EU \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ICEV trong khung th\u1eddi gian 2021\u20132025, t\u1eeb c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ICCT tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y(39)<\/sup>. V\u00ec \u00dac \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i ICEV cao h\u01a1n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00e1c, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 Li\u00ean minh Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, n\u00ean c\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i ICEV b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i \u1edf c\u00e1c th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ec3 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t chi ph\u00ed. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 gi\u1ea3m 3% h\u00e0ng n\u0103m b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2024 s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i PC c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9i xe PC \u1edf \u00dac xu\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n 110 g\/km v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2035. M\u1ee9c ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i n\u00e0y g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i CO2 trung b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a PC m\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh \u1edf Li\u00ean minh Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u cho 2030(40)<\/sup>. Do \u0111\u00f3, 3% l\u00e0 \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ICEV v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y s\u1ebd s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3 ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng v\u00ec ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1edbn \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng s\u1edbm h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      C\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i CO2 c\u1ee7a FCAI hi\u1ec7n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2030 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi FCAI, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i ICEV sau n\u0103m 2030 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ebd gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean nh\u01b0 m\u1ee9c n\u0103m 2030. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 r\u1eb1ng t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 gi\u1ea3m 0,5% c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2030 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2050 s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2030. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi hai k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn doanh s\u1ed1 b\u00e1n xe m\u1edbi s\u1ebd l\u00e0 BEV sau n\u0103m 2035 v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u1ea3m ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i th\u00eam n\u1eefa t\u1eeb c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ICEV.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 PHEV s\u1ebd c\u00f3 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 gi\u1ea3m ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 nhau trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n. T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 gi\u1ea3m ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i CO2 h\u00e0ng n\u0103m ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ee7a th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng PC EU \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 PHEV(41)<\/sup>. Do tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u00ed h\u00f3a l\u00e0 BEV tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 BEV s\u1ebd r\u1ebb h\u01a1n theo th\u1eddi gian n\u00ean c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t s\u1ebd \u00edt c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn PHEV h\u01a1n c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3m th\u00eam l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i cho PHEV sau n\u0103m 2035.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n ch\u00ednh<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

      B\u1ea3ng 4 t\u00f3m t\u1eaft c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n cho c\u00e1c n\u0103m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn. Nh\u1eefng \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i trung b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9i xe d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean t\u1eebng l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i trung b\u00ecnh ICEV \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh v\u00e0 th\u1ecb ph\u1ea7n xe \u0111i\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty \u00f4 t\u00f4 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 kh\u00e1c nhau mi\u1ec5n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau trung b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9i xe.<\/p>\n\n\n

      \n
      \"\"
      B\u1ea3ng 4. T\u00f3m t\u1eaft c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh trong 4 k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
        \n
      • a<\/strong> <\/sup>T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh v\u1ec1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i CO2 \u0111\u1ec1u d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean Chu k\u1ef3 L\u00e1i xe M\u1edbi c\u1ee7a Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u (NEDC).<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • b<\/strong> <\/sup>M\u1ee9c gi\u1ea3m h\u00e0ng n\u0103m trong c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau trung b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9i t\u00e0u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2023 tr\u1edf \u0111i, khi c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2024. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 cho n\u0103m 2025 l\u00e0 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 gi\u1ea3m h\u00e0ng n\u0103m t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2023 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2025 v\u00e0 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 cho n\u0103m 2030 l\u00e0 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2025 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2030.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

        Theo K\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n c\u01a1 s\u1edf, gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh doanh s\u1ed1 b\u00e1n xe \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u00e0 30% v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c gi\u1ea3m ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i t\u1eeb ICEV l\u00e0 14% so v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c n\u0103m 2019 s\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 khi\u1ebfn \u00dac \u0111\u1ea1t m\u1ee9c ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i trung b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9i xe l\u00e0 110 g\/km v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2050. N\u1ebfu thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c trung b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9i xe t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a FCAI M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau CO2 l\u00e0 113 g\/km v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2030, th\u1ecb ph\u1ea7n b\u00e1n xe \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t 22% v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2030 v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c gi\u1ea3m ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i CO2 trung b\u00ecnh h\u00e0ng n\u0103m c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9i xe ch\u1ec9 5% so v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c n\u0103m 2025. K\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t h\u01a1n v\u1edbi ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n qu\u1ed1c gia ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ebd khi\u1ebfn \u00dac \u0111\u1ea1t m\u1ee9c ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i trung b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9i xe l\u00e0 82 g\/km v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2030 v\u00e0 19 g\/km v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2035. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ea5p th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi s\u1ebd c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1t 50 g\/ km l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i trung b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9i xe v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2030\u2014ch\u01b0a b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a FCAI\u2014v\u00e0 0 g\/km v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2035.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh th\u00eam r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau CO2 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi FCAI c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i ICEV gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng n\u1ebfu m\u1ee9c ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 xe \u0111i\u1ec7n qu\u1ed1c gia cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p c\u1ea5p ti\u1ec3u bang, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c minh h\u1ecda trong H\u00ecnh 2. Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 thanh cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng trong doanh s\u1ed1 b\u00e1n xe \u0111i\u1ec7n qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi theo k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi FCAI. Trong khi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i trung b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9i xe gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c t\u0103ng m\u1ee9c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng xe \u0111i\u1ec7n, th\u00ec l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i ICEV c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng do m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau trung b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9i xe FCAI c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u0103ng m\u1ee9c h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 xe \u0111i\u1ec7n. Th\u1eadt v\u1eady, n\u1ebfu t\u1ed5ng doanh s\u1ed1 b\u00e1n xe \u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 45% v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2030, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i ICEV s\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n kho\u1ea3ng 200 g\/km \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau FCAI 2030; m\u1ee9c n\u00e0y cao h\u01a1n 10% so v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c c\u01a1 s\u1edf n\u0103m 2019 v\u00e0 cao h\u01a1n kho\u1ea3ng 13% so v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c n\u0103m 2023 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c. Do \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a FCAI kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i ICEV n\u1ebfu c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau v\u1ec1 xe \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ti\u1ec3u bang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i ICEV.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \"\"
        H\u00ecnh 2: T\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng doanh s\u1ed1 b\u00e1n xe \u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p t\u1eeb c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau doanh s\u1ed1 b\u00e1n xe \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ea5p ti\u1ec3u bang trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i ICEV v\u00e0 trung b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9i xe FCAI \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

        C\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 carbon c\u1ee7a l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

        Vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i t\u1eeb l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n theo th\u1eddi gian s\u1ebd l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i WTW c\u1ee7a xe \u0111i\u1ec7n. L\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i carbon trong l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u00dac trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 2020\u20132030 c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n t\u1eeb h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng CO2 d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn, theo \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u00dac.
        C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, Khoa h\u1ecdc, N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 T\u00e0i nguy\u00ean, v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng li\u1ec1n n\u00e9t m\u00e0u xanh lam trong H\u00ecnh 3.42 C\u00e1c d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o v\u1ec1 ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u00dac bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 10 n\u0103m 2021 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o n\u00e0y g\u1ea7n gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o c\u1ee7a C\u01a1 quan N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf (IEA) D\u1ef1 b\u00e1o ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng n\u0103m 2021 k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n (SDS), d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Kh\u00ed h\u1eadu v\u00e0 N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng To\u00e0n c\u1ea7u.43 SDS l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong b\u1ed1n k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a Tri\u1ec3n v\u1ecdng N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi (WEO) n\u0103m 2021 v\u00e0 n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau kh\u00ed h\u1eadu Paris v\u00e0 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed. C\u00e1c d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o c\u1ee7a WEO bao g\u1ed3m \u00dac trong khu v\u1ef1c Ch\u00e2u \u00c1 – Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Do s\u1ef1 li\u00ean k\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd gi\u1eefa \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u00dac v\u00e0 SDS, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 gi\u1ea3m ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a SDS \u0111\u1ec3 \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a \u00dac cho c\u00e1c n\u0103m kh\u00e1c trong ph\u00e2n t\u00edch n\u00e0y, 2019 v\u00e0 2030 \u0111\u1ebfn 2050. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n trong \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ee9t n\u00e9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0u xanh trong H\u00ecnh 3; l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i v\u00e0o l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n sau n\u0103m 2022 c\u1ee7a Australia trung b\u00ecnh th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n 10% so v\u1edbi SDS v\u00e0 \u0111i theo l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh gi\u1ea3m ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i nhanh h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t g\u1ea7n b\u1eb1ng 0 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2050. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i v\u00e0o l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a Australia n\u00e0y cho t\u1eebng k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n trong s\u1ed1 b\u1ed1n k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i WTW.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \"\"
        H\u00ecnh 3. \u01af\u1edbc t\u00ednh c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u00dac trong khung th\u1eddi gian 2019 \u0111\u1ebfn 2050.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

        D\u1ef1 b\u00e1o t\u1ed3n kho, doanh thu v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

        M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh L\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p nhi\u1ec1u th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a \u00dac, bao g\u1ed3m d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u1ecbch s\u1eed t\u1ed3n kho t\u1eeb Ni\u00ean gi\u00e1m Th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea C\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng \u00dac v\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng t\u1eeb FCAI.44 \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n v\u1ec1 t\u1ed3n kho v\u00e0 doanh s\u1ed1 trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a L\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng; nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i n\u00e0y d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a IEA \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2050 v\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 doanh thu c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9i xe(45)<\/sup>. D\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 qu\u00e3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2020 so v\u1edbi n\u0103m 2019, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 do COVID-19(46)<\/sup>. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh khi l\u1eadp m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh r\u1eb1ng qu\u00e3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e3 quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i m\u1ee9c 2019 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2021 v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh sau \u0111\u00f3. Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh, bao g\u1ed3m t\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng doanh s\u1ed1 b\u00e1n xe \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00e0ng n\u0103m v\u00e0 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u00e0ng n\u0103m c\u1ee7a ICEV so v\u1edbi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i CO2 n\u0103m 2019, sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n doanh thu t\u1ed3n kho v\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng m\u1ee9c ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ef1c c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i CO2 t\u1eeb t\u1ed3n kho LDV \u1edf c\u1ea5p qu\u1ed1c gia. L\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i CO2 TTW \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh t\u1eeb tr\u1eef l\u01b0\u1ee3ng LDV n\u0103m 2019 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c b\u1eb1ng m\u1ee9c b\u00e1o c\u00e1o n\u0103m 2019 c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u00dac(47)<\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

        Ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 tr\u1eef l\u01b0\u1ee3ng LDV \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n theo m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh theo h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng truy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i CO2, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00ean c\u1ea3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf TTW v\u00e0 WTW, t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2019 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2050. M\u1ed7i k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i CO2 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 th\u00e2m nh\u1eadp c\u1ee7a xe \u0111i\u1ec7n trong kho LDV v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u1eed cacbon c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9i xe LDV.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        S\u1ef1 th\u00e2m nh\u1eadp c\u1ee7a EV<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

        H\u00ecnh 4: cho th\u1ea5y t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 t\u1ed3n kho LDV trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn h\u00e0ng n\u0103m t\u00ednh theo t\u00e0u \u0111i\u1ec7n cho t\u1eebng k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n trong s\u1ed1 b\u1ed1n k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2019 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2050. T\u1ed5ng t\u1ed3n kho LDV \u1edf \u00dac \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n s\u1ebd t\u0103ng 14% t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2019 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2050. D\u1ef1 tr\u1eef trong \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng c\u01a1 s\u1edf v\u00e0 FCAI- c\u00e1c k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p b\u1ecb ICEV chi\u1ebfm \u01b0u th\u1ebf trong su\u1ed1t kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem x\u00e9t v\u00e0 theo c\u00e1c k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n n\u00e0y, \u00dac s\u1ebd k\u1ebft th\u00fac v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2050 v\u1edbi tr\u1eef l\u01b0\u1ee3ng LDV l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00e0 82% v\u00e0 68% ICEV.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Tuy nhi\u00ean, hai k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 th\u00e2m nh\u1eadp c\u1ee7a xe \u0111i\u1ec7n. Trong k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a Ti\u1ec3u bang, xe \u0111i\u1ec7n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb ngu\u1ed3n cung LDV v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2040 v\u00e0 s\u1ebd chi\u1ebfm 83% ngu\u1ed3n cung v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2050, trong \u0111\u00f3 BEV l\u00e0 82% t\u1ed5ng ngu\u1ed3n cung. Trong k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a Worldclass, xe \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ebd chi\u1ebfm h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda ngu\u1ed3n cung v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m 2037 v\u00e0 g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 s\u1ebd thay th\u1ebf ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ICEV v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2050, khi BEV \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n s\u1ebd chi\u1ebfm 96% th\u1ecb ph\u1ea7n. Trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n, c\u1ed5 phi\u1ebfu BEV chi\u1ebfm \u01b0u th\u1ebf so v\u1edbi PHEV; \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mong \u0111\u1ee3i v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 pin ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn h\u01a1n v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 chi ph\u00ed pin theo th\u1eddi gian. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, do l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i PHEV trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ef1c cao h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi quy tr\u00ecnh ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t ki\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3, PHEV kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p l\u00e2u d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty \u00f4 t\u00f4 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \"\"
        H\u00ecnh 4. Ngu\u1ed3n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n h\u1ea1ng nh\u1eb9 b\u1eb1ng t\u00e0u \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u00dac t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2019 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2050 cho t\u1eebng k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh L\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

        T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i CO2<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

        H\u00ecnh 5 minh h\u1ecda t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i CO2 TTW v\u00e0 WTW h\u00e0ng n\u0103m c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi tr\u1eef l\u01b0\u1ee3ng LDV c\u1ee7a \u00dac t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2019 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2050. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i CO2 gi\u1ea3m m\u1ea1nh t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2019 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2020 do ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n gi\u1ea3m trong th\u1eddi gian x\u1ea3y ra d\u1ecbch b\u1ec7nh COVID-19 \u1edf 2020. M\u1ee9c ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i s\u1ebd quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i m\u1ee9c tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea1i d\u1ecbch v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 2021 v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u0103ng \u00edt nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2024 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n; \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i sau \u0111\u1ea1i d\u1ecbch trong ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n, quy m\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed9i xe t\u0103ng l\u00ean v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n n\u00e0o b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \"\"
        H\u00ecnh 5. L\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i CO2 \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh theo b\u1ed1n k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi tr\u1eef l\u01b0\u1ee3ng LDV c\u1ee7a \u00dac t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2019 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2050.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

        Trong K\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n c\u01a1 s\u1edf, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i CO2 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u0103ng cho \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2029 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng xe \u0111i\u1ec7n trong \u0111\u1ed9i xe b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u gi\u1ea3m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i. So v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c n\u0103m 2019, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i c\u01a1 s\u1edf th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n 14% tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf TTW v\u00e0 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n 13% tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf WTW v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2050.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ea5p th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3m s\u1edbm h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i n\u0103m so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi C\u01a1 s\u1edf v\u00e0 FCAI. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 qu\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea1o ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ea5p th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i g\u1ea7n b\u1eb1ng 0 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2050 tr\u00ean c\u1ea3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf TTW v\u00e0 WTW. K\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m 84% l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i WTW v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2050, nh\u01b0ng con s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n k\u00e9m xa so v\u1edbi qu\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ea5p Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, khi xem x\u00e9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i t\u00edch l\u0169y t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2019 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2050, k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i th\u00eam 165 Mt, ho\u1eb7c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i CO2 WTW cao h\u01a1n 10% so v\u1edbi k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n c\u1ea5p Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. K\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi FCAI s\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 gi\u1ea3m 35% l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2050 so v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a n\u0103m 2019 v\u00e0 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2050, 40 Mt \u1ed1ng x\u1ea3 v\u00e0 52 Mt kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i WTW v\u1eabn s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra b\u1edfi kho LDV.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        H\u00e3y nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i r\u1eb1ng \u00dac c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau m\u1edbi l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m 43% l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i CO2 tr\u00ean to\u00e0n n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ee9c n\u0103m 2005 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2030<\/strong>. So v\u1edbi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i TTW \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1o c\u00e1o t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed9i t\u00e0u n\u0103m 2005, k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee9c gi\u1ea3m ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i 42% trong 2039 v\u00e0 k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ea5p th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t m\u1ee9c gi\u1ea3m 43% v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2037, nh\u01b0 minh h\u1ecda trong H\u00ecnh 5.48. V\u00e0o n\u0103m 2030, c\u1ea3 hai k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 m\u1ee9c ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i g\u1ea7n b\u1eb1ng m\u1ee9c b\u00e1o c\u00e1o n\u0103m 2005. Do \u0111\u00f3, \u00dac c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd c\u1ea7n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p b\u1ed5 sung \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee9c gi\u1ea3m ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady s\u1edbm h\u01a1n khi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ea5p th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ho\u1eb7c ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

        C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng minh t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i CO2 \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c nhau trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9i t\u00e0u LDV \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1eed cacbon \u1edf \u00dac so v\u1edbi k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n C\u01a1 s\u1edf, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh doanh nh\u01b0 b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 tham v\u1ecdng ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1eed cacbon ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed9i t\u00e0u LDV c\u1ee7a \u00dac v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2050.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          \n
        • Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n tham v\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem x\u00e9t, k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ea5p Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, m\u1edbi ti\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c kh\u1eed cacbon ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed9i t\u00e0u LDV c\u1ee7a \u00dac v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2050, v\u00ec n\u00f3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf 95% l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i CO2 c\u1ee7a WTW<\/strong><\/em>. \u0110\u1ec3 kh\u1eed cacbon ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed9i t\u00e0u LDV c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i hy v\u1ecdng \u00dac s\u1ebd c\u1ea7n c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p b\u1ed5 sung, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c lu\u00e2n chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9i t\u00e0u \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf ICEV c\u00e0ng s\u1edbm c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i nhanh h\u01a1n sang l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u1eed cacbon.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • K\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau Ti\u1ec3u bang c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau xe \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a ti\u1ec3u bang, kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 b\u1eb1ng k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ea5p Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi nh\u01b0ng s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 84% l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i CO2 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2050<\/em><\/strong>. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3ng CO2 t\u00edch l\u0169y nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n 165 Mt l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2019 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2050 so v\u1edbi k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • C\u00e1c k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ebd l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee9c gi\u1ea3m ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i CO2 kho\u1ea3ng 43% t\u1eeb tr\u1eef l\u01b0\u1ee3ng LDV so v\u1edbi n\u0103m 2005 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2037 v\u00e0 2039<\/strong><\/em>. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p b\u1ed5 sung, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ea9y nhanh vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9i t\u00e0u, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee9c gi\u1ea3m ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i 43% so v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c n\u0103m 2005 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2030.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • Vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a FCAI s\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 mang l\u1ea1i th\u1ecb ph\u1ea7n xe \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u00e0 22% doanh s\u1ed1 b\u00e1n LDV m\u1edbi v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2030. Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea9y nhanh qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u00ed h\u00f3a kho LDV nh\u1eb1m gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau kh\u00ed h\u1eadu c\u1ee7a \u00dac, m\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi FCAI s\u1ebd cho ph\u00e9p gi\u1ea3m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i ICEV n\u1ebfu m\u1ee9c t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng doanh s\u1ed1 b\u00e1n xe \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a Ti\u1ec3u bang. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00dac ph\u1ea3i g\u00e1nh ch\u1ecbu<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

          \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9i t\u00e0u LDV \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eed cacbon ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ho\u1eb7c g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eed cacbon ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2050, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch n\u00e0y ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u1eb1ng \u00dac c\u1ea7n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i CO2. ICCT khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            \n
          • \u00c1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed9n h\u01a1n n\u0103m 2024 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi tham v\u1ecdng \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ea5p th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 100% doanh s\u1ed1 ZEV v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2035. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i CO2 trung b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9i xe l\u00e0 50 gCO2\/km theo chu tr\u00ecnh NEDC, ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3m 72% so v\u1edbi v\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u01a1 s\u1edf n\u0103m 2019, \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2030 v\u00e0 0 gCO2\/km v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2035 cho \u0111\u1ed9i t\u00e0u LDV m\u1edbi. M\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng m\u00e0 \u00dac c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc trong th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi tham v\u1ecdng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau xe \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ti\u1ec3u bang v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2030, nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i CO2 trung b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9i xe l\u00e0 82 gCO2\/km v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2030 ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3m 54%. so v\u1edbi th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u01a1 s\u1edf n\u0103m 2019. Tuy nhi\u00ean, b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n n\u00e0o \u00edt nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t h\u01a1n tham v\u1ecdng \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ea5p th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi s\u1ebd tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a \u00dac trong vi\u1ec7c kh\u1eed cacbon ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed9i v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i LDV c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2050.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          • S\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i ADR 81\/02 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng chu tr\u00ecnh WLTP \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean d\u1eef li\u1ec7u WLTP \u0111\u00f3. \u00c1p d\u1ee5ng gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t m\u1ee9c ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u00ean t\u00e0u (OBFCM), nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u1edf Li\u00ean minh Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ef1c, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi cho ph\u00e9p \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t cho ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p, trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ef1c. m\u1ee9c ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u l\u1edbn h\u01a1n kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch trung b\u00ecnh theo WLTP ho\u1eb7c khi kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng theo th\u1eddi gian.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          • Thu th\u1eadp v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t lo\u1ea1i ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i CO2 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh cho m\u1ed7i n\u0103m v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2021 ho\u1eb7c 2022) l\u00e0m d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i CO2.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          • Sau khi \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n, h\u00e3y thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c thi to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh vi\u1ec7c tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u1edf Li\u00ean minh Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          • Xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u0111a h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 ch\u1ec9 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n cho \u00f4 t\u00f4 kh\u00e1ch v\u00e0 xe th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i h\u1ea1ng nh\u1eb9 thay v\u00ec thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t cho MA, MC v\u00e0 NA; \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u xe chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i ph\u00e2n kh\u00fac xe \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng h\u01a1n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

            <\/p>\n\n\n\n

            \n\n\n\n

            1. \u201cPassenger Vehicle Fuel Economy,\u201d H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 Giao th\u00f4ng S\u1ea1ch, truy c\u1eadp ng\u00e0y 5 th\u00e1ng 12 n\u0103m 2022, https:\/\/theicct.org\/pv-fuel-economy\/.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            2. Dale Hall, v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1, V\u1eadn t\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9 kh\u1eed cacbon v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2050: C\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea9y nhanh qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i sang ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i, (ICCT: Washington, DC, 2021), https:\/\/theicct.org\/publication\/zevtc-effective-policiesdec2021\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            3. B\u1ed9 C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, Khoa h\u1ecdc, N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 T\u00e0i nguy\u00ean c\u1ee7a Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u00dac, K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch Gi\u1ea3m Ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i D\u00e0i h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a \u00dac, 2021, https:\/\/unfccc.int\/sites\/default\/files\/resource\/Australias_LTS_WEB.pdf<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            4. C\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed1t c\u00e1c nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho khai th\u00e1c m\u1ecf, s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh c\u00e1, v\u00e0 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1; v\u00e0 B\u1ed9 C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, Khoa h\u1ecdc, N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 T\u00e0i nguy\u00ean c\u1ee7a Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u00dac, D\u1ef1 b\u00e1o Ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a \u00dac 2021, th\u00e1ng 10 n\u0103m 2021, https:\/\/www.dcceew.gov.au\/sites\/default\/files\/documents\/australias_emissions_ projections_2021_0.pdf<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            5. nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean.; v\u00e0 B\u1ed9 C\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng, Giao th\u00f4ng v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i, Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n Khu v\u1ef1c, Truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng v\u00e0 Ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u00dac, Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t Nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u, truy c\u1eadp ng\u00e0y 5 th\u00e1ng 12 n\u0103m 2022, https:\/\/www.nfrastructure.gov.au\/infrastructure-transport-vehicles\/vehicles\/fuel-efficiency-standards<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            6. \u201cRepresenting the Australian Automotive Industry,\u201d Ph\u00f2ng C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u00f4 t\u00f4 Li\u00ean bang, truy c\u1eadp ng\u00e0y 5 th\u00e1ng 12 n\u0103m 2022, https:\/\/www.fcai.com.au\/about<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            7. \u201cCars in Australia,\u201d OEC, truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 5 th\u00e1ng 12 n\u0103m 2022, https:\/\/oec.world\/en\/profile\/bilateral-product\/cars\/reporter\/aus#:~:text=Australia%20imports%20Cars%20primarily%20from,and%20Finland%20(%2499.4M)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            8. \u1ee6y ban Giao th\u00f4ng V\u1eadn t\u1ea3i Qu\u1ed1c gia, C\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i Carbon Dioxide \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n h\u1ea1ng nh\u1eb9 m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a \u00dac n\u0103m 2020, (Melbourne, Victoria, 2021), https:\/\/cdn-nrspp-s3-aus.s3.ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/ sites\/4\/2021\/11\/30061913\/Carbon-dioxide-emissions-intensity-for-new-Australian-light-vehicles-2020.pdf; v\u00e0 Sonsoles Diaz, bi\u00ean t\u1eadp. S\u1ed5 tay Th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea Th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng Xe Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u 2021-22. (ICCT: Berlin, Germany, 2021), https:\/\/eupocketbook.org\/.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            9. H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng xe \u0111i\u1ec7n, T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng xe \u0111i\u1ec7n, th\u00e1ng 3 n\u0103m 2022 https:\/\/electricvehiclecouncil.com.au\/wpcontent\/uploads\/2022\/03\/EVC-State-of-EVs-2022.pdf<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            10. Xem b\u00e0i ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng B\u1ed9 N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 Bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i Kh\u00ed h\u1eadu Chris Bowen t\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec9nh v\u1ec1 xe \u0111i\u1ec7n \u1edf Canberra, https:\/\/www.cnbc.com\/2022\/08\/19\/australia-plans-fuel-efficiency-standards-to-boost-electric-car-supply.html; v\u00e0 B\u1ed9 C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, Khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 T\u00e0i nguy\u00ean Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u00dac, Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c xe \u0111i\u1ec7n qu\u1ed1c gia: T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n, th\u00e1ng 9 n\u0103m 2022, https:\/\/app.converlens.com\/industry\/national-electric-vehicle-strategy.
            Trong cu\u1ed9c tham v\u1ea5n g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y v\u1ec1 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c xe \u0111i\u1ec7n qu\u1ed1c gia, \u00dac \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o b\u1eb1ng gam CO2 th\u1ea3i ra tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i km. Do \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i g\u1ecdi ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i CO2 trong ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            11. \u201cAustralia,\u201d B\u1ed9 theo d\u00f5i h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00ec kh\u00ed h\u1eadu, truy c\u1eadp ng\u00e0y 5 th\u00e1ng 12 n\u0103m 2022, https:\/\/climateactiontracker.org\/countries\/australia\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            12. Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u00dac, K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch cung c\u1ea5p Net Zero theo c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a \u00dac, 2021, https:\/\/apo.org.au\/sites\/default\/files\/resource-files\/2021-10\/apo-nid314748.pdf<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            13. B\u1ed9 C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, Khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 T\u00e0i nguy\u00ean Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Australia, Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c xe \u0111i\u1ec7n qu\u1ed1c gia: T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham v\u1ea5n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            14. \u201cPowering Australia,\u201d B\u1ed9 Bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i Kh\u00ed h\u1eadu, N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 N\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u00dac, truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 5 th\u00e1ng 12 n\u0103m 2022, https:\/\/www.energy.gov.au\/government-priorities\/australias-energy-strategiesand-frameworks\/powering-australia; Jordan Mulach, \u201cWhat Does a New Labor Government Mean for EVs?, WhichCar?, May 23, 2022, https:\/\/www.whichcar.com.au\/news\/what-does-a-new-labor-government-mean-for-evs<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            15. H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng xe \u0111i\u1ec7n, T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng xe \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            16. Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n (Quy t\u1eafc thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ee7a \u00dac 81\/02 \u2013 D\u00e1n nh\u00e3n ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u cho ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n h\u1ea1ng nh\u1eb9) 2008, Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u00dac. C\u01a1 quan \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt li\u00ean bang, https:\/\/www.legislation.gov.au\/Details\/F2022C00213\/Html\/Volume_1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            17. Jan Dornoff v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1, Tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb CO2 \u201ctrong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ef1c\u201d: Th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng xe kh\u00e1ch ch\u00e2u \u00c2u trong n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean sau khi gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u WLTP, (ICCT: Berlin, \u0110\u1ee9c, 2021) https:\/\/theicct.org\/publication\/on-the-way-toreal-world-co2-values-the-european-passenger-car-market-in-its-first-year-after-introducing-the-wltp\/; Jelica Pavlovic v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1., \u201cHow Much Difference in Type-approval CO2 Emissions from Passenger Cars in Europe Can be Expected from Changing to the New Test Procedure (NEDC vs. WLTP)?,\u201d Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Giao th\u00f4ng v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i Ph\u1ea7n A 111, (th\u00e1ng 5 n\u0103m 2018) : 136\u2013147, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tra.2018.02.002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            18. Ph\u00f2ng C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u00d4 t\u00f4 Li\u00ean bang, Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n CO2: Quy t\u1eafc t\u00ednh to\u00e1n m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 s\u1ef1 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u, (Kingston, ACT, ng\u00e0y 12 th\u00e1ng 3 n\u0103m 2020), https:\/\/www.fcai.com.au\/library\/publication\/fcai_rules_ for_calculating_co2_compliance.pdf<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            19. \u201cAbout the FCAI,\u201d Ph\u00f2ng C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u00d4 t\u00f4 Li\u00ean bang, https:\/\/www.fcai.com.au\/about.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            20. FCAI x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean lo\u1ea1i th\u00e2n xe, d\u1ea5u ch\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 s\u1ed1 ch\u1ed7 ng\u1ed3i v\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a LCV. Xe SUV nh\u1eb9 v\u00e0 n\u1eb7ng h\u01a1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean d\u1ea5u ch\u00e2n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u00edch c\u1ee7a chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i v\u00e0 chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a xe t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng m\u00e9t. \u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a FCAI d\u00e0nh cho xe SUV bao g\u1ed3m n\u0103m ph\u00e2n kh\u00fac d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean di\u1ec7n t\u00edch chi\u1ebfm ch\u1ed7: nh\u1eb9 (\u2264 7,6 m2), nh\u1ecf (7,601\u20138,1 m2), trung b\u00ecnh (8,101-8,8 m2), l\u1edbn (8,801-9,8 m2) v\u00e0 tr\u00ean l\u1edbn ( \u2265 9,801 m2 ).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            21. \u1ee6y ban Giao th\u00f4ng V\u1eadn t\u1ea3i Qu\u1ed1c gia, C\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i Carbon Dioxide \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n h\u1ea1ng nh\u1eb9 m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a \u00dac n\u0103m 2020.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            22. Ph\u00f2ng C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u00d4 t\u00f4 Li\u00ean bang, Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n CO2: Quy t\u1eafc t\u00ednh to\u00e1n m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 s\u1ef1 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u, (Kingston, ACT, ng\u00e0y 12 th\u00e1ng 3 n\u0103m 2020), https:\/\/www.fcai.com.au\/library\/publication\/fcai_rules_ for_calculating_co2_compliance.pdf<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            23. Jordan Mulach, \u201cNew Vehicle Emissions Drop as Peak Bodies Call for Government Mandates,\u201d WhichCar?, Ng\u00e0y 29 th\u00e1ng 3 n\u0103m 2022, https:\/\/www.whichcar.com.au\/news\/new-vehicle-emissions-2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            24. H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng xe \u0111i\u1ec7n, Bang xe \u0111i\u1ec7n; Kathryn Fisk, \u201cAustralia\u2019s EV Policies: What\u2019s Happening in Each State and Territory in 2021 \u2013 Updated,\u201d WhichCar?, Ng\u00e0y 9 th\u00e1ng 8 n\u0103m 2021, https:\/\/www.whichcar.com.au\/news\/ australian-states-territories-ev-policies-september-2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            25. Nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            26. M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh ICCT phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n 1.9, (2022), https:\/\/theicct.github.io\/roadmap-doc\/versions\/v1.9\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            27. \u201cEmissions from Electric Vehicles,\u201d B\u1ed9 N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Hoa K\u1ef3. Trung t\u00e2m d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u thay th\u1ebf, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 5 th\u00e1ng 12 n\u0103m 2022, https:\/\/afdc.energy.gov\/vehicles\/electric_emissions.html#:~:text=Well%2Dto%2Dwheel%20 emissions%20include,and%20burning%20it%20in%20vehicles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            28. Georg Bieker, So s\u00e1nh to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh trong v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed1t v\u00e0 \u00f4 t\u00f4 ch\u1edf kh\u00e1ch ch\u1ea1y \u0111i\u1ec7n, (ICCT: Berlin, \u0110\u1ee9c, 2021), https:\/\/theicct.org\/publication\/a-global-comparison-ofthe-life-cycle-greenhouse-gas-emissions-of-combustion-engine-and-electric-passenger-cars\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            29. \u1ee6y ban Giao th\u00f4ng V\u1eadn t\u1ea3i Qu\u1ed1c gia, C\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i Carbon Dioxide \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n h\u1ea1ng nh\u1eb9 m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a \u00dac 2019.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            30. \u1ee6y ban Giao th\u00f4ng V\u1eadn t\u1ea3i Qu\u1ed1c gia, C\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i Carbon Dioxide \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n h\u1ea1ng nh\u1eb9 m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a \u00dac n\u0103m 2021, (Melbourne, Victoria, th\u00e1ng 9 n\u0103m 2022), https:\/\/www.ntc.gov.au\/sites\/default\/files\/assets\/files\/Carbon%20
            Dioxide%20Emissions%20Intensity%20for%20New%20Australian%20Light%20Vehicles%202021.pdf<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            31. Arijit Sen and Josh Miller, Emissions Reduction Benefits of a Faster, Global Transition to Zero-emission Vehicles, (ICCT: Washington, DC, 2022), https:\/\/theicct.org\/publication\/zevs-global-transition-benefits-mar22\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            32. C\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a FCAI l\u00e0 t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2020 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2030 v\u00e0 k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n n\u00e0y gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c s\u1ebd ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a FCAI b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2024.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            33. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i trung b\u00ecnh cho \u0111\u1ed9i xe c\u1ee7a New Zealand v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2025 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng s\u1ed1 doanh s\u1ed1 cho c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i n\u0103m 2025 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi PC v\u00e0 LCV \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1o c\u00e1o trong \u0110\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9 (Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n s\u1ea1ch) (2022), https:\/\/www.legislation.govt.nz\/act\/public\/2022\/0002\/latest\/whole.html#LMS536334<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            34. \u1ee6y ban T\u00e0i nguy\u00ean Kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed California. \u201cCalifornia Moves to Accelerate to 100% New Zero-emission Vehicle Sales by 2035,\u201d th\u00f4ng c\u00e1o b\u00e1o ch\u00ed s\u1ed1. 22\u201330, ng\u00e0y 25 th\u00e1ng 8 n\u0103m 2022, https:\/\/ww2.arb.ca.gov\/news\/california-moves-accelerate100-new-zero-emission-vehicle-sales-2035<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            35. H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng EU, \u201cFit for 55 Package: Council Reaches General Approaches Relating to Emissions Reductions and Their Social Impacts,\u201d b\u1ea3n tin, ng\u00e0y 29 th\u00e1ng 6 n\u0103m 2022,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            36. Patrick Pl\u00f6tz v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1, Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng xe \u0111i\u1ec7n hybrid c\u1eafm \u0111i\u1ec7n trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ef1c \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c2u: C\u1eadp nh\u1eadt n\u0103m 2022 v\u1ec1 m\u1ee9c ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u, l\u00e1i xe \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i CO2, (ICCT: Washington, D.C., 2022), https:\/\/theicct.org\/publication\/real-world-phev-use-jun22\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            37. \u1ee6y ban Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, \u201cQuy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a \u1ee6y ban (EU) \u2026\/\u2026 c\u1ee7a Quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a \u1ee6y ban s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i XXX (EU) 2017\/1151 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn Th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t lo\u1ea1i kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh kh\u00e1ch h\u1ea1ng nh\u1eb9,\u201d Comitology Register, ng\u00e0y 22 th\u00e1ng 7 n\u0103m 2022, https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/transparency\/comitology-register\/screen\/ documents\/082562\/2\/consult?lang=en.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            38. D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb b\u00e1o c\u00e1o c\u1ee7a NTC (2021), l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i CO2 n\u0103m 2015 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n ICE \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3m 0,4% v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2020 v\u00e0 0,5% v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2019. https:\/\/www.ntc.gov.au\/sites\/default\/files\/assets\/files\/Carbon%20dioxide%20 emissions%20intensity%20for%20new%20Australian%20light%20vehicles%202020.pdf<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            39. Peter Mock v\u00e0 Sonsoles D\u00edaz, Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh kh\u1eed cacbon: Th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng xe kh\u00e1ch ch\u00e2u \u00c2u trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 2021\u20132035, (ICCT: Berlin, \u0110\u1ee9c, 2021), https:\/\/theicct.org\/wp content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/decarbonize-EUPVs-may2021.pdf<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            40. Nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            41. Nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            42. B\u1ed9 C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, Khoa h\u1ecdc, N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 T\u00e0i nguy\u00ean c\u1ee7a Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u00dac, D\u1ef1 b\u00e1o Ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a \u00dac n\u0103m 2021.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            43 C\u01a1 quan N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh kh\u00ed h\u1eadu v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, th\u00e1ng 10 n\u0103m 2022, https:\/\/www.iea.org\/reports\/global-energy-and-climate-model\/understanding-gec-model-scenarios<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            44. D\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u1ecbch s\u1eed t\u1ed3n kho \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb B\u1ed9 C\u01a1 s\u1edf H\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng, Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n Khu v\u1ef1c v\u00e0 Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Australia, Ni\u00ean gi\u00e1m Th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea C\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng Australia 2018, (Canberra, Australia, 2018), https:\/\/www.bitre. gov.au\/sites\/default\/files\/infrastructure-statistics-yearbook-2018.pdf v\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng FCAI l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb Ph\u00f2ng C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u00d4 t\u00f4 Li\u00ean bang, B\u00e1o c\u00e1o Th\u01b0\u1eddng ni\u00ean FCAI 2012, (Kingston, ACT), https:\/\/www.fcai.com.au\/annual-reports\/index\/view\/publication\/48<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            45. M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh ICCT phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n 1.9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            46. \u201cSurvey of Motor Vehicle Use, Australia,\u201d C\u1ee5c Th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea \u00dac, truy c\u1eadp ng\u00e0y 5 th\u00e1ng 12 n\u0103m 2022, https:\/\/www.abs.gov.au\/statistics\/industry\/tourism-and-transport\/survey-motor-vehicle-use-australia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            47. B\u1ed9 C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, Khoa h\u1ecdc, N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 T\u00e0i nguy\u00ean Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u00dac, D\u1ef1 b\u00e1o Ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a \u00dac n\u0103m 2021.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            48. L\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i CO2 t\u1eeb LDV \u1edf \u00dac l\u00e0 54 Mt v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2005, theo B\u1ed9 C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, Khoa h\u1ecdc, N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 T\u00e0i nguy\u00ean c\u1ee7a Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u00dac, D\u1ef1 b\u00e1o Ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a \u00dac n\u0103m 2021.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            Theo https:\/\/theicct.org\/ Authors: Tanzila Khan, Zifei Yang, Arijit Sen, and Josh Miller<\/strong><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

            Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u Ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n l\u1edbn ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh ho\u1eb7c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp v\u1ec1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i CO2 ho\u1eb7c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n h\u1ea1ng nh\u1eb9, v\u00e0 \u00dac l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3(1). Nh\u1eefng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":680,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[394],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-530","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-industry-news"},"yoast_head":"\nTi\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1eed cacbon cho c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n h\u1ea1ng nh\u1eb9 t\u1ea1i \u00dac<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/vi\/tieu-chuan-tiet-kiem-nhien-lieu-de-khu-cacbon-cho-cac-phuong-tien-hang-nhe-tai-uc\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"vi_VN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1eed cacbon cho c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n h\u1ea1ng nh\u1eb9 t\u1ea1i \u00dac\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u Ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n l\u1edbn ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh ho\u1eb7c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp v\u1ec1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i CO2 ho\u1eb7c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n h\u1ea1ng nh\u1eb9, v\u00e0 \u00dac l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3(1). 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