{"id":1657,"date":"2024-07-05T21:49:59","date_gmt":"2024-07-05T14:49:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/?p=1657"},"modified":"2026-02-18T12:21:46","modified_gmt":"2026-02-18T05:21:46","slug":"xe-hang-nang-da-qua-su-dung-va-moi-truong","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/vi\/xe-hang-nang-da-qua-su-dung-va-moi-truong\/","title":{"rendered":"Xe h\u1ea1ng n\u1eb7ng \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>T\u1ed5ng quan to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 xe h\u1ea1ng n\u1eb7ng \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng: L\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, quy m\u00f4 v\u00e0 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>B\u00e1o c\u00e1o n\u00e0y ph\u00e2n t\u00edch d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0 quy m\u00f4 c\u1ee7a <strong>xe h\u1ea1ng n\u1eb7ng \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng (heavy-duty vehicles<\/strong> <strong>&#8211; HDV)<\/strong> t\u1eeb ba n\u01b0\u1edbc xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u HDV \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u00ednh \u2013 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, Li\u00ean minh Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u (EU) v\u00e0 H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c (ROK). B\u00e1o c\u00e1o c\u0169ng xem x\u00e9t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1p l\u00fd \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u HDV \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1ea1i 146 qu\u1ed1c gia, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 122 qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 thu nh\u1eadp th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 trung b\u00ecnh (LMIC).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ednh xe h\u1ea1ng n\u1eb7ng \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. Nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a b\u00e1o c\u00e1o d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c t\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf. V\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u HDV \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1eeb Hoa K\u1ef3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n do d\u1eef li\u1ec7u xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 HDV m\u1edbi v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. Ngo\u00e0i ra, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 Trung Qu\u1ed1c l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t HDV l\u1edbn, nh\u01b0ng th\u1ecb ph\u1ea7n xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 m\u1edbi g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y (n\u0103m 2019) m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u HDV \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>B\u00e1o c\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh sau:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Doanh s\u1ed1 b\u00e1n xe HDV m\u1edbi v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2000 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2015, v\u1edbi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i CO2 t\u0103ng kho\u1ea3ng m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n ba trong c\u00f9ng k\u1ef3. N\u0103m 2018 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bs\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ec9nh v\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u c\u1ea3 xe HDV m\u1edbi v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u0103m 2019 v\u00e0 2020 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bs\u1ef1 suy gi\u1ea3m do \u0111\u1ea1i d\u1ecbch COVID-19.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>N\u0103m 2015, 6,3 tri\u1ec7u xe HDV m\u1edbi v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1n ra tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. Trong \u0111\u00f3, 3,4 tri\u1ec7u xe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t m\u1edbi, khi\u1ebfn xe HDV \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng chi\u1ebfm g\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda t\u1ed5ng doanh s\u1ed1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u xe HDV m\u1edbi v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, EU, ROK, Mexico, Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd, Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, EU v\u00e0 ROK c\u00f9ng nhau chi\u1ebfm kho\u1ea3ng 60% t\u1ed5ng th\u1ecb ph\u1ea7n xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u xe HDV m\u1edbi v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. V\u1ec1 xe HDV \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, ba n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u kho\u1ea3ng 2,4 tri\u1ec7u xe trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 2015 \u0111\u1ebfn 2020.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-white-color has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-da163954b27200a54cd0469bb6c0f7ab\"><strong>C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i xe tr\u00ean 3,5 t\u1ea5n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i l\u00e0 xe h\u1ea1ng n\u1eb7ng (HDV) v\u00e0 bao g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i xe t\u1ea3i v\u00e0 xe bu\u00fdt kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u1ec1 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2015 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2020, Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u HDV \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t, xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u kho\u1ea3ng 1,3 tri\u1ec7u chi\u1ebfc (kho\u1ea3ng 67.000 xe bu\u00fdt \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 1,2 tri\u1ec7u xe t\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng). Trong c\u00f9ng kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian, EU \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u g\u1ea7n 1 tri\u1ec7u HDV \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng (75.000 xe bu\u00fdt \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 898.000 xe t\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng). Ngo\u00e0i ra, 1 tri\u1ec7u HDV \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao d\u1ecbch trong EU. T\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb HDV \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u t\u1eeb v\u00e0 giao d\u1ecbch trong EU l\u00e0 21 t\u1ef7 \u0111\u00f4 la M\u1ef9. ROK \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u kho\u1ea3ng 134.000 HDV \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u (106.000 xe bu\u00fdt \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 28.000 xe t\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng) tr\u1ecb gi\u00e1 850 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f4 la M\u1ef9 trong c\u00f9ng k\u1ef3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>M\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 xe HDV \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng (60%) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao d\u1ecbch \u1edf c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 thu nh\u1eadp cao ho\u1eb7c thu nh\u1eadp trung b\u00ecnh kh\u00e1. M\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n ba t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 xe HDV \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 trong EU, 20% \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u sang Ch\u00e2u Phi, 20% kh\u00e1c sang Ch\u00e2u \u00c1 &#8211; Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u sang c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 thu nh\u1eadp th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 trung b\u00ecnh ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u xe bu\u00fdt v\u00e0 xe t\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng xe HDV \u00edt h\u01a1n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 so v\u1edbi xe t\u1ea3i nh\u1eb9 <strong>(Light-Duty Vehicles &#8211; LDV)<\/strong> \u1edf c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh g\u00e2y ra:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>tai n\u1ea1n giao th\u00f4ng<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>m\u1ee9c ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u cao<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m (carbon \u0111en, CO2, v.v.)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"370\" src=\"https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-05-at-21.59.31-1024x370.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1671\" srcset=\"https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-05-at-21.59.31-1024x370.png 1024w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-05-at-21.59.31-300x108.png 300w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-05-at-21.59.31-768x277.png 768w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-05-at-21.59.31-1536x554.png 1536w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-05-at-21.59.31-2048x739.png 2048w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-05-at-21.59.31-1164x420.png 1164w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-05-at-21.59.31-696x251.png 696w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-05-at-21.59.31-1068x385.png 1068w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-05-at-21.59.31-1920x693.png 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>H\u00ecnh 1. \u0110i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a xe HDV \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng theo kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eeb EU, Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c (2015-2020)<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 HDV \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n LDV \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 HDV \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u00edt nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi LDV \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. Nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n thi\u1ebfu c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ec3 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u HDV \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u1ea1ch h\u01a1n v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n h\u01a1n, v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c thi l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 ho\u1eb7c y\u1ebfu k\u00e9m. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 qu\u1ed1c gia xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u HDV \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u00e0o c\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u HDV \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u1ec1 HDV (\u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 m\u1edbi) th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0u ti\u00ean trong c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, khu v\u1ef1c v\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c gia v\u1ec1 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed, gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u kh\u00ed h\u1eadu v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n an to\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 hai qu\u1ed1c gia, Sierra Leone v\u00e0 Suriname, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u xe \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o c\u00e1c k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch kh\u00ed h\u1eadu chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ed1c gia c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p do qu\u1ed1c gia t\u1ef1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh (NDC).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 xe h\u1ea1ng n\u1eb7ng \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c, t\u1eeb h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh ho\u1eb7c l\u1ec7nh c\u1ea5m ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t trong b\u00e1o c\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p nhi\u1ec1u chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u HDV \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. <\/strong>Trong s\u1ed1 146 qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t, 18 qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea5m ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u HDV \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. 123 qu\u1ed1c gia (84%) c\u00f3 c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u HDV \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. Trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3, 80 qu\u1ed1c gia s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u00edt qu\u1ed1c gia s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 th\u00f4ng tin cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng nh\u01b0 d\u00e1n nh\u00e3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u00e3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u1ec1 HDV \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 tri\u1ec3n khai ch\u00fang<\/strong>. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, trong s\u1ed1 25 qu\u1ed1c gia ch\u00e2u Phi \u0111\u00e3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n, 21 qu\u1ed1c gia v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a tri\u1ec3n khai \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7. Xem H\u00ecnh 2 b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110\u1ea1i d\u1ecbch COVID-19 \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c c\u1eaft gi\u1ea3m c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch v\u1ec1 nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"698\" src=\"https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-05-at-22.04.06-1-1024x698.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1678\" srcset=\"https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-05-at-22.04.06-1-1024x698.png 1024w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-05-at-22.04.06-1-300x205.png 300w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-05-at-22.04.06-1-768x524.png 768w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-05-at-22.04.06-1-1536x1047.png 1536w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-05-at-22.04.06-1-2048x1396.png 2048w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-05-at-22.04.06-1-616x420.png 616w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-05-at-22.04.06-1-218x150.png 218w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-05-at-22.04.06-1-696x474.png 696w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-05-at-22.04.06-1-1068x728.png 1068w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-05-at-22.04.06-1-1920x1309.png 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>H\u00ecnh 2A v\u00e0 2B. M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1p l\u00fd t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u HDV \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng: T\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"473\" src=\"https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-05-at-22.04.53-1024x473.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1679\" srcset=\"https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-05-at-22.04.53-1024x473.png 1024w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-05-at-22.04.53-300x138.png 300w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-05-at-22.04.53-768x354.png 768w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-05-at-22.04.53-1536x709.png 1536w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-05-at-22.04.53-910x420.png 910w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-05-at-22.04.53-696x321.png 696w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-05-at-22.04.53-1068x493.png 1068w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-05-at-22.04.53.png 1712w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>H\u00ecnh 2A: T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i<\/strong>. <strong> Ngu\u1ed3n: Bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n b\u1edfi UNEP<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"439\" src=\"https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-05-at-22.06.28-1024x439.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1682\" srcset=\"https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-05-at-22.06.28-1024x439.png 1024w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-05-at-22.06.28-300x129.png 300w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-05-at-22.06.28-768x330.png 768w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-05-at-22.06.28-1536x659.png 1536w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-05-at-22.06.28-2048x879.png 2048w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-05-at-22.06.28-979x420.png 979w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-05-at-22.06.28-696x299.png 696w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-05-at-22.06.28-1068x458.png 1068w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-05-at-22.06.28-1920x824.png 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>H\u00ecnh 2B: V\u1edbi c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 th\u00f4ng qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n.  Ngu\u1ed3n: Bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n b\u1edfi UNEP<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Ngay c\u1ea3 khi c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u00e3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u1ec1 nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u HDV \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ng\u00e0y nay, v\u1eabn c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u HDV \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ed1t. 76 qu\u1ed1c gia (52%) v\u1eabn c\u00f3 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd &#8220;y\u1ebfu&#8221; ho\u1eb7c &#8220;r\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu&#8221; \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u HDV \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng (H\u00ecnh 2B).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>52 qu\u1ed1c gia (35%) s\u1ebd c\u00f3 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u2018t\u1ed1t\u2019 ho\u1eb7c \u2018r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t\u2019. H\u00ecnh 3 b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi cho th\u1ea5y m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1p l\u00fd \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u HDV \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng theo khu v\u1ef1c, gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"699\" src=\"https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-09.52.12-1024x699.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1686\" srcset=\"https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-09.52.12-1024x699.png 1024w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-09.52.12-300x205.png 300w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-09.52.12-768x525.png 768w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-09.52.12-1536x1049.png 1536w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-09.52.12-615x420.png 615w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-09.52.12-218x150.png 218w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-09.52.12-696x475.png 696w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-09.52.12-1068x730.png 1068w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-09.52.12.png 1868w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>H\u00ecnh 3. Ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 khu v\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u HDV \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-black-color has-light-green-cyan-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-dc80708c69f0034a7d35903e42f62c0e\"><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Vi\u1ec7c <strong>\u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi xe HDV <\/strong>\u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1ee3p l\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 thu nh\u1eadp th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 trung b\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 xe ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn, bao g\u1ed3m xe bu\u00fdt v\u00e0 xe t\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>C\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u v\u00e0 nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m chung<\/strong> trong vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng xe HDV \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng xe HDV \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i sang ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n di chuy\u1ec3n s\u1ea1ch h\u01a1n, an to\u00e0n h\u01a1n v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3 ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng h\u01a1n, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 gi\u1ea3m ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>V\u1ec1 ph\u00eda c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u, c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n h\u00e0i h\u00f2a khu v\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7<\/strong>. Ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ec3u v\u00f9ng chuy\u1ec3n sang h\u00e0i h\u00f2a h\u00f3a khu v\u1ef1c c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n xe HDV m\u1edbi v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng do ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i v\u00e0 di chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh kh\u00e1ch trong khu v\u1ef1c t\u0103ng l\u00ean. Tuy nhi\u00ean, vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec3n khai v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c thi \u0111ang ch\u1eadm tr\u1ec5. C\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c ti\u1ec3u v\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n h\u00e0i h\u00f2a nh\u01b0 ti\u1ec3u v\u00f9ng T\u00e2y v\u00e0 \u0110\u00f4ng Phi \u0111\u1ec3 tri\u1ec3n khai ch\u00fang.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u1ede c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n h\u00e0i h\u00f2a, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y<\/strong>. Vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n h\u00e0i h\u00f2a khu v\u1ef1c s\u1ebd g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i xe HDV \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi, kh\u00f4ng an to\u00e0n, b\u1ea9n v\u00e0 l\u1ed7i. N\u00f3 s\u1ebd mang l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch nh\u01b0 gi\u1ea3m kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh, t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho vi\u1ec7c l\u01b0u th\u00f4ng xe c\u1ed9 qua bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi, t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y vi\u1ec7c chia s\u1ebb kinh nghi\u1ec7m gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>V\u1ec1 ph\u00eda c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u, c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea5m xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u xe HDV \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ebft h\u1ea1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o xe xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u c\u00f3 gi\u1ea5y ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n l\u01b0u th\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7 v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u ki\u1ec3m tra vi\u1ec7c tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>C\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c thi m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch n\u00e2ng cao nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang<\/strong> \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra vi\u1ec7c tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>C\u1ea7n c\u00f3 th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/strong> \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n xe HDV \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch chi ph\u00ed-l\u1ee3i \u00edch v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u xe HDV \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>C\u1ea7n c\u00f3 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn h\u01a1n<\/strong> \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. D\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb c\u1ea3 qu\u1ed1c gia nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u xe HDV \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4i khi kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i ri\u00eang cho xe HDV \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 xe HDV m\u1edbi. C\u1ea7n khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 n\u01a1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng chia s\u1ebb d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>N\u00ean khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch c\u00e1c xe bu\u00fdt s\u1ea1ch h\u01a1n, \u00edt mu\u1ed9i than cho c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh lang xe bu\u00fdt nhanh <\/strong>\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy ho\u1ea1ch t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00ec ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n xe bu\u00fdt s\u1ea1ch h\u01a1n, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 xe bu\u00fdt \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>C\u1ea7n c\u00f3 c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i xanh<\/strong> v\u00ec v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh g\u00e2y ra kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i v\u00e0 tai n\u1ea1n giao th\u00f4ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"402\" src=\"https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-10.06.53-1024x402.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1695\" srcset=\"https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-10.06.53-1024x402.png 1024w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-10.06.53-300x118.png 300w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-10.06.53-768x302.png 768w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-10.06.53-1536x603.png 1536w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-10.06.53-2048x804.png 2048w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-10.06.53-1070x420.png 1070w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-10.06.53-696x273.png 696w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-10.06.53-1068x419.png 1068w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-10.06.53-1920x754.png 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"719\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-10.13.03-719x1024.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1699\" srcset=\"https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-10.13.03-719x1024.png 719w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-10.13.03-211x300.png 211w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-10.13.03-295x420.png 295w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-10.13.03-696x991.png 696w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-10.13.03.png 736w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 719px) 100vw, 719px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Doanh s\u1ed1 b\u00e1n xe h\u1ea1ng n\u1eb7ng (HDV) m\u1edbi v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 h\u00e0ng n\u0103m l\u00e0 4,6% k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2000, t\u1eeb 3,2 tri\u1ec7u chi\u1ebfc v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2000 l\u00ean g\u1ea7n 6,3 tri\u1ec7u chi\u1ebfc v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2015 (IEA 2021). N\u0103m 2020, kho\u1ea3ng 2,9 tri\u1ec7u (Divis 2020) xe HDV m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1n so v\u1edbi 3,4 tri\u1ec7u chi\u1ebfc v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2015, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 xe th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3m 14,7% trong n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea1i d\u1ecbch Covid-19 2020. \u0110\u0103ng k\u00fd v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a HDV (l\u01b0\u1ee3t di chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a xe t\u00ednh theo kilomet) \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 h\u00e0ng n\u0103m l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00e0 2,3% v\u00e0 3,1% t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2000 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2015, t\u1ea1o ra l\u1ee3i \u00edch kinh t\u1ebf cao do v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh kh\u00e1ch t\u0103ng l\u00ean. Sau \u0111\u00f3, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i CO2 t\u1eeb \u1ed1ng x\u1ea3 xe HDV to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng 2,6% m\u1ed7i n\u0103m t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2000 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2018 (nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n trong h\u00ecnh 4 b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi), trong \u0111\u00f3 xe t\u1ea3i chi\u1ebfm h\u01a1n 80% m\u1ee9c t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y (IEA 2021).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u1ede nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u HDV \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng chi\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c HDV b\u1ed5 sung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd h\u00e0ng n\u0103m. Tuy nhi\u00ean, h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. B\u00e1o c\u00e1o n\u00e0y c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng thu th\u1eadp, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y t\u1ed5ng quan \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u1ec1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi HDV \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, bao g\u1ed3m lu\u1ed3ng, quy m\u00f4 v\u00e0 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>B\u00e1o c\u00e1o n\u00e0y tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 chu\u1ed7i cung \u1ee9ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, quy m\u00f4 v\u00e0 &#8216;lu\u1ed3ng&#8217; v\u1eadt l\u00fd c\u1ee7a HDV \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1eeb th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u sang th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u. B\u00e1o c\u00e1o c\u0169ng t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1p l\u00fd t\u1ea1i 146 qu\u1ed1c gia, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn lu\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a HDV \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. Lu\u1ed3ng HDV \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 t\u1eeb c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 thu nh\u1eadp cao \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f3 thu nh\u1eadp th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n \u0111ang c\u01a1 gi\u1edbi h\u00f3a nhanh ch\u00f3ng. C\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 &#8220;h\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00e1i&#8221; &#8211; cho d\u00f9 m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 l\u00e1i xe b\u00ean tr\u00e1i hay b\u00ean ph\u1ea3i, \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a HDV \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. D\u00f2ng xe HDV l\u01b0u th\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 gi\u1eefa Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u1edf Ch\u00e2u Phi v\u00e0 Ch\u00e2u \u00c1 &#8211; Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e1i xe b\u00ean tr\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, trong khi Li\u00ean minh Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u (EU), Hoa K\u1ef3 (US) v\u00e0 Mexico xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u xe HDV \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng sang c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia \u1edf Ch\u00e2u Phi, Ch\u00e2u M\u1ef9 Latinh, Trung \u00c1 v\u00e0 Trung \u0110\u00f4ng l\u00e1i xe b\u00ean ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"419\" src=\"https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-10.17.03-1024x419.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1705\" srcset=\"https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-10.17.03-1024x419.png 1024w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-10.17.03-300x123.png 300w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-10.17.03-768x314.png 768w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-10.17.03-1536x629.png 1536w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-10.17.03-2048x838.png 2048w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-10.17.03-1026x420.png 1026w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-10.17.03-696x285.png 696w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-10.17.03-1068x437.png 1068w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-10.17.03-1920x786.png 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>H\u00ecnh 4. L\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i CO2 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u t\u1eeb xe t\u1ea3i v\u00e0 xe bu\u00fdt (2000-2018). Ngu\u1ed3n: IEA (2021), Net Zero v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2050, IEA, Paris https:\/\/www.iea.org\/ reports\/net-zero-by-2050<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>Xe v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 h\u1ea1ng n\u1eb7ng l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i ch\u00ednh (Lingzhi Jin v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 2021), chi\u1ebfm 44% l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i nit\u01a1 oxit (NOx) tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 63% l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ea1t v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng (PM 2.5) tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2015 (ICCT 2023). Ch\u00fang c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i carbon \u0111en ch\u00ednh, m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m kh\u00ed h\u1eadu t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn. Vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a xe Euro VI k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u s\u1ea1ch h\u01a1n (nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u l\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh 10 ph\u1ea7n tri\u1ec7u) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 300 -700 ngh\u00ecn ca t\u1eed vong s\u1edbm v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2030. UNEP v\u00e0 Li\u00ean minh Kh\u00ed h\u1eadu v\u00e0 Kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed S\u1ea1ch (CCAC) \u0111ang d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u trong vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec3n khai nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 HDV s\u1ea1ch h\u01a1n \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>D\u00f2ng xe h\u1ea1ng n\u1eb7ng \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>S\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea t\u1eeb T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t xe c\u01a1 gi\u1edbi qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf (OICA) cho th\u1ea5y t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 xe HDV \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 h\u00e0ng n\u0103m l\u00e0 0,6% trong th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 qua, t\u1eeb 4,3 tri\u1ec7u chi\u1ebfc v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2011 l\u00ean 4,6 tri\u1ec7u chi\u1ebfc v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2020 (h\u00ecnh 5). 5 nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t xe HDV l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t n\u0103m 2020 bao g\u1ed3m &#8211; Trung Qu\u1ed1c (67%), Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n (9%), Hoa K\u1ef3 (5%), \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 (3%) v\u00e0 Mexico (3%), v\u1edbi g\u1ea7n 83% xe HDV \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i Khu v\u1ef1c Ch\u00e2u \u00c1 &#8211; Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 95% xe HDV \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t l\u00e0 xe t\u1ea3i. Th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t xe HDV to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb T\u00e2y \u00c2u v\u00e0 B\u1eafc M\u1ef9 sang c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf m\u1edbi n\u1ed5i trong hai th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 qua. V\u1ec1 doanh s\u1ed1 b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng, C\u01a1 quan N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e1o c\u00e1o r\u1eb1ng v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2015, 6,3 tri\u1ec7u xe HDV m\u1edbi v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1n tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u (IEA 2017). T\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a xe HDV \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ed5ng doanh s\u1ed1 b\u00e1n xe HDV c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch so s\u00e1nh t\u1ed5ng doanh s\u1ed1 b\u00e1n xe HDV m\u1edbi v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 xe HDV m\u1edbi s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. N\u0103m 2015, 3,4 tri\u1ec7u xe HDV \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u trong khi 6,3 tri\u1ec7u xe h\u1ea1ng n\u1eb7ng \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1n ra, cho th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t th\u1ecb ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a xe h\u1ea1ng n\u1eb7ng \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong doanh s\u1ed1 b\u00e1n xe HDV to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u (46%).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>N\u0103m 2020, th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i xe c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb 1,2 ngh\u00ecn t\u1ef7 \u0111\u00f4 la M\u1ef9. Th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 xe HDV (m\u1edbi v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng) l\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng 45 t\u1ef7 \u0111\u00f4 la M\u1ef9 (h\u00ecnh 6). Do \u0111\u00f3, xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u xe HDV ch\u1ec9 chi\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n nh\u1ecf trong t\u1ed5ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i xe c\u1ed9, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng 3,6% t\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i \u00f4 t\u00f4. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, trong t\u1ed5ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i xe HDV (t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f4 la), xe bu\u00fdt ch\u1ec9 chi\u1ebfm kho\u1ea3ng 30%.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"487\" src=\"https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-10.21.47-1024x487.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1710\" style=\"width:696px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-10.21.47-1024x487.png 1024w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-10.21.47-300x143.png 300w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-10.21.47-768x365.png 768w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-10.21.47-883x420.png 883w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-10.21.47-696x331.png 696w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-10.21.47-1068x508.png 1068w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-10.21.47.png 1396w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>H\u00ecnh 5. T\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb xe h\u1ea1ng n\u1eb7ng \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. Ngu\u1ed3n: UNEP d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean OICA, https:\/\/www.oica.net\/production\/<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"446\" src=\"https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-10.23.54-1024x446.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1715\" srcset=\"https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-10.23.54-1024x446.png 1024w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-10.23.54-300x131.png 300w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-10.23.54-768x334.png 768w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-10.23.54-965x420.png 965w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-10.23.54-696x303.png 696w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-10.23.54-1068x465.png 1068w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-10.23.54.png 1402w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>H\u00ecnh 6. Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a xe h\u1ea1ng n\u1eb7ng Global Trade (\u0110\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng + M\u1edbi). Ngu\u1ed3n: UNEP d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean Trade Map (ITC UNCTAD\/WTO (ITC)), https:\/\/www.intracen.org\/<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u xe HDV ch\u00ednh (\u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 m\u1edbi) l\u00e0 EU, Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c (ROK), Mexico, Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c. Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong khi Trung Qu\u1ed1c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t 67% xe HDV to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, th\u00ec th\u1ecb ph\u1ea7n xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u xe HDV \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 chi\u1ebfm 8% v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2020, xem h\u00ecnh 7. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111ang thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhanh ch\u00f3ng khi ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n xe \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2022, h\u01a1n 30 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u xe \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. C\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia d\u1ecdc theo &#8220;V\u00e0nh \u0111ai v\u00e0 Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng&#8221;<sup><strong> (1)<\/strong><\/sup> l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u xe \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u00ednh t\u1eeb Trung Qu\u1ed1c. EU \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u kho\u1ea3ng 46% xe HDV \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng (2020)<sup><strong>(2)<\/strong><\/sup> trong khi \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng 6% s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t xe HDV to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. Do \u0111\u00f3, trong khi th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t xe HDV tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb T\u00e2y \u00c2u v\u00e0 B\u1eafc M\u1ef9 sang c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf m\u1edbi n\u1ed5i trong hai th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 qua, th\u00ec hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u xe HDV \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u00f3 thu nh\u1eadp cao.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>D\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 HDV \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng khai tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. UNEP \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 HDV \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1eeb EU, ROK v\u00e0 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, c\u00f9ng nhau \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p kho\u1ea3ng 60% t\u1ed5ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u HDV \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 m\u1edbi. D\u1eef li\u1ec7u ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u HDV \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1eeb Hoa K\u1ef3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n. B\u00e1o c\u00e1o n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p t\u1ed5ng quan to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 d\u00f2ng HDV \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2015 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2020 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng khu v\u1ef1c (Ch\u00e2u Phi; Ch\u00e2u \u00c1 &#8211; Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng; \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c2u, Kavkaz v\u00e0 Trung \u00c1; M\u1ef9 Latinh v\u00e0 Caribe; v\u00e0 Trung \u0110\u00f4ng) t\u1eeb ba n\u01b0\u1edbc xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u HDV \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 EU, ROK v\u00e0 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"525\" src=\"https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-10.26.57-1024x525.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1720\" srcset=\"https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-10.26.57-1024x525.png 1024w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-10.26.57-300x154.png 300w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-10.26.57-768x393.png 768w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-10.26.57-1536x787.png 1536w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-10.26.57-820x420.png 820w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-10.26.57-696x357.png 696w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-10.26.57-1068x547.png 1068w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-10.26.57.png 1710w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>H\u00ecnh 7. Th\u1ecb ph\u1ea7n to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ($) c\u1ee7a xe h\u1ea1ng n\u1eb7ng  xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u &#8211; M\u1edbi v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng (2020). Ngu\u1ed3n: UNEP d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean Trade Map (ITC UNCTAD\/WTO (ITC)), https:\/\/www.intracen.org\/<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Chu\u1ed7i cung \u1ee9ng v\u00e0 quy m\u00f4 c\u1ee7a xe h\u1ea1ng n\u1eb7ng \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p t\u1ed5ng quan v\u1ec1 ba n\u01b0\u1edbc xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u xe h\u1ea1ng n\u1eb7ng \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u00ednh tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u: Ch\u00e2u \u00c2U, H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n (h\u00ecnh 8). Ba th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u ch\u00ednh n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1ch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u cho xe h\u1ea1ng n\u1eb7ng m\u1edbi v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p quy m\u00f4 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 lu\u1ed3ng xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u xe h\u1ea1ng n\u1eb7ng \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng sang Ch\u00e2u Phi, Ch\u00e2u \u00c1 &#8211; Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c2u, Kavkaz v\u00e0 Trung \u00c1 (EECCA), Ch\u00e2u M\u1ef9 Latinh v\u00e0 Caribe, v\u00e0 Trung \u0110\u00f4ng. T\u1ea1i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u h\u1ea1ng n\u1eb7ng \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1eeb Hoa K\u1ef3, Mexico v\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>D\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong b\u00e1o c\u00e1o n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu th\u1eadp cho giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 2015-2020<sup><strong>(3)<\/strong><\/sup> t\u1eeb c\u00e1c trang web sau &#8211; C\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u Eurostat Comext c\u1ee7a \u1ee6y ban Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, C\u01a1 quan Th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c (KITA) v\u00e0 Hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i Th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i \u00d4 t\u00f4 Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n (iATA). C\u1ea3 ba n\u01b0\u1edbc xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u00f3 thu nh\u1eadp cao v\u1edbi n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t HDV \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3, th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t, ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u, ng\u00e0nh h\u1eadu c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng l\u1ec7 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t, c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t v\u1ec1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u1ee1ng xe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1ed1t. Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1edf h\u1eefu HDV ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 b\u00e3o h\u00f2a. Do \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 doanh s\u1ed1 b\u00e1n HDV m\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m t\u0103ng t\u1ed5ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng HDV m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 thay th\u1ebf c\u00e1c xe h\u1ea1ng n\u1eb7ng c\u0169 h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Trong c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u <a href=\"https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/vi\/xe-tai-nang-da-qua-su-dung-va-moi-truong\/\">HDV<\/a> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem x\u00e9t trong ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, chi ph\u00ed nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u1ee1ng chi\u1ebfm \u01b0u th\u1ebf trong t\u1ed5ng chi ph\u00ed s\u1edf h\u1eefu. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, gi\u00e1 mua \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, t\u1ea1o ra nhu c\u1ea7u mua b\u00e1n HDV \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi kinh t\u1ebf h\u1eefu \u00edch c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i. Do \u0111\u00f3, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 thay th\u1ebf xe h\u1ea1ng n\u1eb7ng cao \u1edf c\u00e1c th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u t\u1ea1o ra ngu\u1ed3n cung c\u1ea5p HDV \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u v\u00e0o c\u00e1c th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 thu nh\u1eadp th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n. B\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf HDV ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb v\u1ec1 Xe h\u1ebft v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi (ELV) th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n \u1edf EU, Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c (Sakai, Si., Yoshida, H., Hiratsuka, J. et al. 2014), c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u cho th\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n b\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n h\u1ebft v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn Ch\u00e2u Phi, Ch\u00e2u \u00c1, Ch\u00e2u M\u1ef9 Latinh v\u00e0 \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c2u (UNEP 2020) g\u00e2y ra thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 cho c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau kinh t\u1ebf tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c b\u00e1n ph\u00e1 gi\u00e1 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u00e9m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n xe h\u1ea1ng n\u1eb7ng \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n theo c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1edf c\u1ea3 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u v\u00e0 nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>H\u00ecnh 8. Xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u xe t\u1ea3i n\u1eb7ng m\u1edbi v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2015-2020<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"791\" src=\"https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-11.44.09-1024x791.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1749\" srcset=\"https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-11.44.09-1024x791.png 1024w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-11.44.09-300x232.png 300w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-11.44.09-768x593.png 768w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-11.44.09-1536x1187.png 1536w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-11.44.09-544x420.png 544w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-11.44.09-696x538.png 696w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-11.44.09-1068x825.png 1068w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-11.44.09.png 1636w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Li\u00ean minh Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u (EU)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 2015 &#8211; 2019, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i xe t\u1ea3i n\u1eb7ng \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u0103ng v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 h\u00e0ng n\u0103m l\u00e0 1,7%. N\u0103m 2020, g\u1ea7n 248.500 xe HDV \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u1ecb gi\u00e1 5,5 t\u1ef7 \u0111\u00f4 la M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u. Trong c\u00f9ng n\u0103m n\u00e0y, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i HDV \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u0103ng 70% m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng xe gi\u1ea3m 39%, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch b\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea1i d\u1ecbch COVID-19. Trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 2015-2020, EU \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u g\u1ea7n 1 tri\u1ec7u xe HDV \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng (75.000 xe bu\u00fdt \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 898.000 xe t\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng). Ngo\u00e0i ra, 1 tri\u1ec7u xe HDV \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao d\u1ecbch trong EU. T\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c xe HDV \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u t\u1eeb v\u00e0 giao d\u1ecbch trong EU l\u00e0 21 t\u1ef7 \u0111\u00f4 la M\u1ef9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kho\u1ea3ng 45% xe HDV \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u sang c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2015, EU \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u kho\u1ea3ng 75.000 xe bu\u00fdt v\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng 898.000 xe t\u1ea3i sang c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. C\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t xe bu\u00fdt \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n, th\u00ec c\u00f3 12 xe t\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u t\u1eeb EU. C\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u cho h\u00e0ng xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u c\u1ee7a EU l\u00e0 T\u00e2y Phi v\u00e0 kh\u1ed1i EECCA (\u0110\u00f4ng \u00c2u, Kavkaz v\u00e0 Trung \u00c1), ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi chu\u1ed7i cung \u1ee9ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i xe h\u1ea1ng nh\u1eb9 \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng (UNEP 2020). 10 qu\u1ed1c gia h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u m\u00e0 EU xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u xe HDV \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng (theo \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb) l\u00e0 \u2013 Jordan, Nigeria, \u1ea2 R\u1eadp X\u00ea \u00dat, Serbia, Li\u00ean bang Nga, C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a Th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t Tanzania, Zimbabwe, Guinea, Afghanistan v\u00e0 Kazakhstan (xem h\u00ecnh 10 b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>H\u00ecnh 9. Xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u xe t\u1ea3i n\u1eb7ng \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1eeb EU theo khu v\u1ef1c t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2015-2020<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"618\" src=\"https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-11.45.58-1024x618.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1751\" srcset=\"https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-11.45.58-1024x618.png 1024w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-11.45.58-300x181.png 300w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-11.45.58-768x463.png 768w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-11.45.58-1536x927.png 1536w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-11.45.58-696x420.png 696w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-11.45.58-1068x644.png 1068w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-11.45.58.png 1886w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Ngu\u1ed3n: UNEP d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean C\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u Eurostat Comext c\u1ee7a \u1ee6y ban Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, http:\/\/epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu\/newxtweb\/<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>H\u00ccNH 10. Th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00edch ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a xe HDV \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1eeb EU n\u0103m 2020 (\u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"441\" src=\"https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-11.47.08-1024x441.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1754\" srcset=\"https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-11.47.08-1024x441.png 1024w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-11.47.08-300x129.png 300w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-11.47.08-768x330.png 768w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-11.47.08-1536x661.png 1536w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-11.47.08-976x420.png 976w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-11.47.08-696x299.png 696w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-11.47.08-1068x460.png 1068w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-11.47.08-1920x826.png 1920w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-11.47.08.png 1966w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Ngu\u1ed3n: UNEP d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean C\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u Eurostat Comext c\u1ee7a \u1ee6y ban Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, http:\/\/epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu\/newxtweb\/<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>D\u1eef li\u1ec7u C\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u Eurostat Comext kh\u00f4ng bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 chi ti\u1ebft c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c xe \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao d\u1ecbch v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u1ec1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng (h\u00ecnh 10). V\u00ed d\u1ee5, th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a xe nh\u01b0 lo\u1ea1i, n\u0103m s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, m\u1ee9c ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i v\u00e0 x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng an to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1o c\u00e1o. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 suy lu\u1eadn chung b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u1edbi c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea kh\u00e1c, nh\u01b0 t\u00f3m t\u1eaft d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>97% v\u00e0 73% t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 xe t\u1ea3i v\u00e0 xe bu\u00fdt m\u1edbi \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd t\u1ea1i EU ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng d\u1ea7u diesel (ACEA 2021). Xe t\u1ea3i s\u1ea1c \u0111i\u1ec7n chi\u1ebfm kho\u1ea3ng 0,4% t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 xe t\u1ea3i m\u1edbi \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp Li\u00ean minh ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, cho th\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n xe HDV \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng sang c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u diesel.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i HDV r\u1ebb nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u sang Ch\u00e2u Phi. N\u0103m 2020, gi\u00e1 trung b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc HDV \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u1edf Ch\u00e2u Phi l\u00e0 g\u1ea7n 5.900 \u0111\u00f4 la M\u1ef9 trong khi \u1edf Ch\u00e2u \u00c1 Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 11.200 \u0111\u00f4 la M\u1ef9, \u1edf Ch\u00e2u M\u1ef9 Latinh v\u00e0 Caribe l\u00e0 11.100 \u0111\u00f4 la M\u1ef9, \u1edf kh\u1ed1i EECCA (\u0110\u00f4ng \u00c2u, Kavkaz v\u00e0 Trung \u00c1) l\u00e0 8.000 \u0111\u00f4 la M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 \u1edf Trung \u0110\u00f4ng l\u00e0 9.700 \u0111\u00f4 la M\u1ef9 (h\u00ecnh 11). S\u1ef1 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch gi\u00e1 \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 &#8211; c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i HDV xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u sang Ch\u00e2u Phi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u k\u00e9m ho\u1eb7c t\u1ed5ng tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, x\u00e9t \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a HDV m\u1ea5t gi\u00e1 theo tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i HDV c\u0169 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u sang Ch\u00e2u Phi. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i HDV t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1edbi h\u01a1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u sang c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>N\u0103m 2019, \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i trung b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a xe bu\u00fdt v\u00e0 xe t\u1ea3i \u0111ang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea1i EU l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng 12 v\u00e0 13 n\u0103m (ACEA 2021). N\u0103m 2000, \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i trung b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a xe HDV tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9 ch\u00e2u \u00c2u \u0111ang t\u0103ng l\u00ean, n\u00ean ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n xe HDV \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 xe t\u1ea3i v\u1edbi tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd kinh t\u1ebf c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t \u00edt.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea1i d\u1ecbch COVID-19, s\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u HDV \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng sang Ch\u00e2u \u00c1 Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng, Ch\u00e2u Phi, Ch\u00e2u M\u1ef9 Latinh v\u00e0 Caribe, v\u00e0 Trung \u0110\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u1ee9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng xe xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u, cho th\u1ea5y hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a HDV \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111ang gi\u1ea3m d\u1ea7n theo th\u1eddi gian, trong khi \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i trung b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a xe xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111ang t\u0103ng l\u00ean (h\u00ecnh 12). Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, t\u1ea1i kh\u1ed1i EECCA (\u0110\u00f4ng \u00c2u, Kavkaz v\u00e0 Trung \u00c1) v\u00e0 B\u1eafc M\u1ef9, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i trung b\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng xe nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u trung b\u00ecnh, cho th\u1ea5y HDV ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u v\u00e0o c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y do nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1p l\u00fd thay \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>H\u00ecnh 11. Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb trung b\u00ecnh (USD\/\u0110\u01a1n v\u1ecb) xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u xe HDV \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1eeb EU theo khu v\u1ef1c<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"649\" src=\"https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-11.51.52-1024x649.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1759\" srcset=\"https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-11.51.52-1024x649.png 1024w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-11.51.52-300x190.png 300w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-11.51.52-768x487.png 768w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-11.51.52-1536x974.png 1536w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-11.51.52-662x420.png 662w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-11.51.52-696x441.png 696w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-11.51.52-1068x677.png 1068w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-11.51.52.png 1684w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Ngu\u1ed3n: UNEP d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean C\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u Eurostat Comext c\u1ee7a \u1ee6y ban Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, http:\/\/epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu\/newxtweb\/<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>H\u00ecnh 12. T\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng trung b\u00ecnh h\u00e0ng n\u0103m trong Xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u xe HDV \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a EU theo khu v\u1ef1c (2015-2019)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"516\" src=\"https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-11.59.18-1024x516.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1762\" srcset=\"https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-11.59.18-1024x516.png 1024w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-11.59.18-300x151.png 300w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-11.59.18-768x387.png 768w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-11.59.18-1536x774.png 1536w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-11.59.18-834x420.png 834w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-11.59.18-696x351.png 696w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-11.59.18-1068x538.png 1068w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-11.59.18.png 1882w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Ngu\u1ed3n: UNEP d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean C\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u Eurostat Comext c\u1ee7a \u1ee6y ban Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, http:\/\/epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu\/newxtweb\/<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>N\u0103m 2019, <strong>H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c (ROK)<\/strong> \u0111\u00e3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng 1,7 t\u1ef7 \u0111\u00f4 la M\u1ef9 (MarketLine 2021) t\u1eeb th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng HDV, bao g\u1ed3m 1,14 tri\u1ec7u xe HDV ho\u1eb7c 5,2% t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 xe \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd t\u1ea1i ROK. Th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng HDV bao g\u1ed3m xe bu\u00fdt, xe t\u1ea3i v\u00e0 m\u00e1y k\u00e9o, l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t chi\u1ebfm 17,6%, 78% v\u00e0 4,4% th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng xe c\u1ed9 (Jigu S., Hyungjun K., Sungwook P. 2018). N\u0103m 2020, g\u1ea7n 18.000 xe HDV \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u1ecb gi\u00e1 ch\u1ec9 h\u01a1n 100 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f4 la M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u. Trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 2015-2020, ROK \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u kho\u1ea3ng 134.000 xe HDV \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u1ecb gi\u00e1 850 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f4 la M\u1ef9 tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, bao g\u1ed3m kho\u1ea3ng 106.000 xe bu\u00fdt \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng 28.000 xe t\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, c\u1ee9 m\u1ed7i xe t\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n, g\u1ea7n 4 xe bu\u00fdt \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u. Do \u0111\u00f3, th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u xe HDV \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c so v\u1edbi th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n xe HDV trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, bao g\u1ed3m 18% xe bu\u00fdt v\u00e0 82% xe t\u1ea3i v\u00e0 m\u00e1y k\u00e9o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 2015-2019, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i HDV \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng gi\u1ea3m v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 h\u00e0ng n\u0103m l\u00e0 2,1%. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u HDV \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00ednh theo \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb t\u0103ng v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 h\u00e0ng n\u0103m l\u00e0 3,8%. N\u0103m 2020, do \u0111\u1ea1i d\u1ecbch COVID-19, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i HDV \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng gi\u1ea3m 34%, trong khi s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb gi\u1ea3m 28%. \u0110i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u cho xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u HDV \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1eeb ROK l\u00e0 khu v\u1ef1c Ch\u00e2u \u00c1 &#8211; Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng, chi\u1ebfm kho\u1ea3ng 42% l\u01b0\u1ee3ng xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u, ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0 Trung \u0110\u00f4ng (18,5%), T\u00e2y Phi (16,9%) v\u00e0 kh\u1ed1i EECCA (8,2%). 10 qu\u1ed1c gia nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u HDV \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u (t\u00ednh theo \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb) l\u00e0 &#8211; Campuchia, Ghana, Jordan, Libya, Yemen, Guatemala, M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5, Philippines, Nga v\u00e0 Chile. N\u0103m 2020, do \u0111\u1ea1i d\u1ecbch COVID-19, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n xe HDV \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3m tr\u00ean t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb khu v\u1ef1c EECCA (\u0110\u00f4ng \u00c2u, Kavkaz v\u00e0 Trung \u00c1), n\u01a1i nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u t\u0103ng 32% (\u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb). Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n xe HDV \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1eeb ROK t\u1eadp trung cao \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u00edt qu\u1ed1c gia, v\u1edbi 10 qu\u1ed1c gia nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u chi\u1ebfm 76% t\u1ed5ng kim ng\u1ea1ch xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u (xem h\u00ecnh 13 &amp; 14 \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft t\u1ed5ng quan v\u1ec1 khu v\u1ef1c v\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c gia).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>H\u00ecnh 13. Xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u xe HDV \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1eeb H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c (2015-2020)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"570\" src=\"https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-12.13.51-1024x570.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1767\" srcset=\"https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-12.13.51-1024x570.png 1024w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-12.13.51-300x167.png 300w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-12.13.51-768x428.png 768w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-12.13.51-1536x855.png 1536w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-12.13.51-754x420.png 754w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-12.13.51-696x388.png 696w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-12.13.51-1068x595.png 1068w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-12.13.51.png 1832w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"> Ngu\u1ed3n: UNEP d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean C\u01a1 quan Th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c (KITA), http:\/\/www.kita.org\/<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>H\u00ecnh 14. C\u00e1c xe t\u1ea3i n\u1eb7ng \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00edch ch\u00ednh t\u1eeb H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c n\u0103m 2020 (\u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"471\" src=\"https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-12.15.18-1024x471.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1770\" srcset=\"https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-12.15.18-1024x471.png 1024w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-12.15.18-300x138.png 300w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-12.15.18-768x353.png 768w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-12.15.18-1536x707.png 1536w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-12.15.18-913x420.png 913w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-12.15.18-696x320.png 696w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-12.15.18-1068x491.png 1068w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-12.15.18-1920x883.png 1920w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-12.15.18.png 2000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Ngu\u1ed3n: UNEP d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean C\u01a1 quan Th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c (KITA), http:\/\/www.kita.org\/<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>Trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 2015-2020, gi\u00e1 trung b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a xe HDV xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u t\u1eeb ROK \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3m t\u1eeb kho\u1ea3ng 7.800 \u0111\u00f4 la M\u1ef9 xu\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n kho\u1ea3ng 5.600 \u0111\u00f4 la M\u1ef9 (h\u00ecnh 15). S\u1ef1 s\u1ee5t gi\u1ea3m n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 do nhi\u1ec1u l\u00fd do &#8211; t\u0103ng tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd, gi\u1ea3m t\u1ed5ng tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, gi\u1ea3m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00e2m nh\u1eadp k\u00e9m v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 bi\u00ean l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n do c\u1ea1nh tranh gia t\u0103ng t\u1eeb c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u kh\u00e1c. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft h\u00e0ng xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u l\u00e0 xe HDV \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng d\u1ea7u diesel (USITC 2018). ROK \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t ra m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 1,8 tri\u1ec7u xe \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng pin nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u (FCEV) tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2030 (Amir 2019). \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng tr\u1ee3 c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u0103ng s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng xe bu\u00fdt \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng pin nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u l\u00ean 2.000 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2022. N\u0103m 2020, ROK b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u xe HDV FCEV m\u1edbi sang ch\u00e2u \u00c2u (Kotaro Hosokawa 2020).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>H\u00ecnh 15. Chi ph\u00ed \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a xe t\u1ea3i n\u1eb7ng \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u c\u1ee7a ROK (US$\/\u0110\u01a1n v\u1ecb).<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"510\" src=\"https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-12.17.37-1024x510.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1773\" srcset=\"https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-12.17.37-1024x510.png 1024w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-12.17.37-300x149.png 300w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-12.17.37-768x382.png 768w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-12.17.37-1536x765.png 1536w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-12.17.37-844x420.png 844w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-12.17.37-696x346.png 696w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-12.17.37-1068x532.png 1068w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-12.17.37-324x160.png 324w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-12.17.37.png 1796w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Ngu\u1ed3n: UNEP d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean C\u01a1 quan Th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c (KITA), http:\/\/www.kita.org\/<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u xe HDV \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t. Trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 2015-2020, Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u kho\u1ea3ng 1,3 tri\u1ec7u xe HDV \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. T\u1eeb n\u0103m 2015 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2019, xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u xe HDV \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1eeb Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n gi\u1ea3m kho\u1ea3ng 3% m\u1ed7i n\u0103m. N\u0103m 2020, xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u xe HDV \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c gi\u1ea3m kho\u1ea3ng 16% do t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a COVID-19. Trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 2015-2020, Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u kho\u1ea3ng 67.000 xe bu\u00fdt \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng 1,2 tri\u1ec7u xe t\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t xe bu\u00fdt \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n th\u00ec c\u00f3 g\u1ea7n 18 xe t\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u. 5 qu\u1ed1c gia nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u xe HDV \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 2015-2020 l\u00e0 Philippines, C\u00e1c Ti\u1ec3u v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c \u1ea2 R\u1eadp Th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t (UAE), C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a Th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t Tanzania, Nigeria v\u00e0 Myanmar. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y t\u00e1i xu\u1ea5t nh\u1eefng xe HDV \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u00e0y sang c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00e1c, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 UAE t\u00e1i xu\u1ea5t xe HDV \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng sang Ch\u00e2u Phi v\u00e0 Chile t\u00e1i xu\u1ea5t sang Paraguay.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-white-color has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-ea6b87da4cd24c6deb7ff1464130568e\"><strong>T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 xe bu\u00fdt v\u00e0 xe t\u1ea3i trong t\u1ed5ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng xe HDV \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2015 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2020 l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00e0 10% v\u00e0 90%.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>B\u1ea3ng 1: 10 qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u xe t\u1ea3i n\u1eb7ng \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t t\u1eeb \u200b\u200bNh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"441\" src=\"https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-12.24.13-1024x441.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1776\" srcset=\"https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-12.24.13-1024x441.png 1024w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-12.24.13-300x129.png 300w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-12.24.13-768x330.png 768w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-12.24.13-1536x661.png 1536w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-12.24.13-976x420.png 976w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-12.24.13-696x299.png 696w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-12.24.13-1068x460.png 1068w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-12.24.13-1920x826.png 1920w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-12.24.13.png 2022w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Ngu\u1ed3n: UNEP d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean Hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i \u00f4 t\u00f4 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf (iATA) www.iata-odo.jp<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Ngu\u1ed3n cung to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a xe h\u1ea1ng n\u1eb7ng \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u t\u1eeb EU, Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n v\u00e0 H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>T\u1eeb n\u0103m 2015 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2020, EU, Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n v\u00e0 H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c c\u00f9ng nhau xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u kho\u1ea3ng 2,4 tri\u1ec7u HDV \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. Xu h\u01b0\u1edbng xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u cho th\u1ea5y th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i HDV \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ec9nh v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2018 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3. M\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 xe h\u1ea1ng n\u1eb7ng \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u sang c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 thu nh\u1eadp cao ho\u1eb7c thu nh\u1eadp trung b\u00ecnh kh\u00e1, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 60% t\u1ed5ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 2015 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2020. Trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n ba t\u1ed5ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i HDV \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 trong EU, 20% cho m\u1ed7i khu v\u1ef1c Ch\u00e2u Phi v\u00e0 Ch\u00e2u \u00c1 &#8211; Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i \u1edf c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c (h\u00ecnh 16). T\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng xe bu\u00fdt v\u00e0 xe t\u1ea3i trong t\u1ed5ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u xe h\u1ea1ng n\u1eb7ng \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2015 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2020 l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00e0 10% v\u00e0 90%.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>B\u1ea3ng 2: 10 qu\u1ed1c gia nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u xe t\u1ea3i n\u1eb7ng \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t t\u1eeb \u200b\u200bEU, Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n v\u00e0 H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"445\" src=\"https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-12.25.54-1024x445.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1779\" srcset=\"https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-12.25.54-1024x445.png 1024w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-12.25.54-300x130.png 300w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-12.25.54-768x334.png 768w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-12.25.54-1536x668.png 1536w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-12.25.54-966x420.png 966w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-12.25.54-696x302.png 696w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-12.25.54-1068x464.png 1068w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-12.25.54-1920x834.png 1920w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-12.25.54.png 2034w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Ngu\u1ed3n: UNEP d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean Hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i Th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i \u00d4 t\u00f4 Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf (iATA), C\u01a1 quan Th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c (KITA), C\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u Eurostat Comext c\u1ee7a \u1ee6y ban Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>H\u00ecnh 16. \u0110i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a xe t\u1ea3i n\u1eb7ng \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng theo kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eeb EU, Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n v\u00e0 H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c (2015-2020). <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"461\" src=\"https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-12.27.31-1024x461.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1781\" srcset=\"https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-12.27.31-1024x461.png 1024w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-12.27.31-300x135.png 300w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-12.27.31-768x346.png 768w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-12.27.31-933x420.png 933w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-12.27.31-696x313.png 696w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-12.27.31-1068x481.png 1068w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-12.27.31.png 1444w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>Ngu\u1ed3n: UNEP d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean Hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i \u00f4 t\u00f4 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf (iATA), C\u01a1 quan th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c (KITA), C\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u Eurostat Comext c\u1ee7a \u1ee6y ban ch\u00e2u \u00c2u<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1p l\u00fd cho xe h\u1ea1ng n\u1eb7ng \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u01b0a chu\u1ed9ng xe h\u1ea1ng n\u1eb7ng <strong>(heavy-duty vehicles<\/strong>&nbsp;<strong>\u2013 HDV)<\/strong> \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu v\u00ec gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3 ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng. M\u1ed9t quan s\u00e1t chung t\u1eeb ph\u00e2n t\u00edch l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng HDV \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao d\u1ecbch tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n theo th\u1eddi gian. B\u00e1o c\u00e1o <strong>C\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u (GTA)<\/strong> ghi nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng trong th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 qua, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p can thi\u1ec7p h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i (xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u v\u00e0 nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u) khi so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p trao quy\u1ec1n cho giao d\u1ecbch HDV (h\u00ecnh 17). C\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p can thi\u1ec7p h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng cho \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2017 v\u00e0 k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3m. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh trao quy\u1ec1n cho giao d\u1ecbch HDV \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng t\u0103ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho giao d\u1ecbch. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p can thi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a GTA kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch th\u00e0nh HDV m\u1edbi v\u00e0 HDV \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p t\u1ed5ng quan v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh t\u1ea1i 146 qu\u1ed1c gia, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 cho ph\u00e9p nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u HDV \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng (18 qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea5m nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u HDV \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-white-color has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-8a0e26d6a64905afb8687a78444c8b09\"><strong>M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1p l\u00fd to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ph\u00e2n t\u00edch m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1p l\u00fd hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 (ti\u1ec3u) khu v\u1ef1c c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch nh\u1eb1m khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng xe HDV s\u1ea1ch h\u01a1n v\u00e0 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u01a1n.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1p l\u00fd cho vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u xe h\u1ea1ng n\u1eb7ng \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c &#8211; t\u1eeb l\u1ec7nh c\u1ea5m ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n HDV \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i, \u01b0u \u0111\u00e3i t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, \u0111\u1ebfn y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 nh\u00e3n m\u00e1c v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng tin cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng. \u0110\u00f4i khi c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00e0i h\u00f2a h\u00f3a \u1edf c\u1ea5p khu v\u1ef1c v\u00e0 ti\u1ec3u khu v\u1ef1c. Tuy nhi\u00ean, nhi\u1ec1u khi c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t l\u1edbn v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c h\u00e0i h\u00f2a h\u00f3a, tri\u1ec3n khai v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c thi c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y \u1edf c\u1ea5p qu\u1ed1c gia. Th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a HDV \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0u ti\u00ean trong c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, khu v\u1ef1c v\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c gia v\u1ec1 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed, gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u kh\u00ed h\u1eadu v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n an to\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, trong c\u00e1c \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p do qu\u1ed1c gia t\u1ef1 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh (NDC) v\u00e0 Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u xe \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem x\u00e9t \u1edf hai qu\u1ed1c gia, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 Sierra Leone v\u00e0 Suriname. Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n HDV \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng (B\u1ea3ng 3).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>H\u00ecnh 17. Can thi\u1ec7p m\u1edbi\/N\u0103m v\u1ec1 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u (xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u v\u00e0 nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u) c\u1ee7a HDV<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"496\" src=\"https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-12.37.48-1024x496.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1793\" srcset=\"https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-12.37.48-1024x496.png 1024w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-12.37.48-300x145.png 300w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-12.37.48-768x372.png 768w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-12.37.48-1536x745.png 1536w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-12.37.48-866x420.png 866w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-12.37.48-696x337.png 696w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-12.37.48-1068x518.png 1068w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-12.37.48.png 1708w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>Ngu\u1ed3n: UNEP d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean https:\/\/www.globaltradealert.org\/<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>Trong b\u00e1o c\u00e1o n\u00e0y, 146 qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a HDV \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. Trong s\u1ed1 146 qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem x\u00e9t<sup><strong>(4)<\/strong><\/sup>, 123 qu\u1ed1c gia chi\u1ebfm 84 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u HDV \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. B\u00e1o c\u00e1o gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u00e3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u1edf c\u1ea5p qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>B\u1ea3ng 3: C\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh trong \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p do qu\u1ed1c gia x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u HDV \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"373\" src=\"https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-12.46.08-1024x373.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1796\" srcset=\"https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-12.46.08-1024x373.png 1024w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-12.46.08-300x109.png 300w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-12.46.08-768x280.png 768w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-12.46.08-1536x560.png 1536w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-12.46.08-2048x747.png 2048w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-12.46.08-1152x420.png 1152w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-12.46.08-696x254.png 696w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-12.46.08-1068x390.png 1068w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-12.46.08-1920x700.png 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>Ngu\u1ed3n: Bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n b\u1edfi UNEP, d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean https:\/\/changing-transport.org\/about-the-database\/<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>C\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng xe \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng (H\u00ecnh 18). C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn chi ti\u1ebft trong c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfp theo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-54965122f202a71eea641d57fc0e0a27\"><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a HDV c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color has-background\">\n<li>C\u1ea5m ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u00e1c HDV \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eadp c\u1ea3nh v\u00e0o qu\u1ed1c gia;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i, theo \u0111\u00f3 n\u0103m s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a HDV ph\u1ea3i th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i\/n\u0103m c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i, theo \u0111\u00f3 xe ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea1t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u (v\u00e0 theo m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i). Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n Euro;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh ho\u1eb7c (c\u00e1c) bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch bao g\u1ed3m thu\u1ebf quan kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 thu\u1ebf \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd, v\u00ed d\u1ee5:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a xe, t\u1ed5ng tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng xe, s\u1ee9c ch\u1ee9a\/t\u1ea3i<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i ho\u1eb7c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a xe (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: mi\u1ec5n thu\u1ebf VAT cho xe hybrid, xe \u0111i\u1ec7n)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean thu\u1ebf m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, y t\u1ebf, c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch \u0111\u1ec3 k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t thay \u0111\u1ed5i h\u00e0nh vi (d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i\/k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc, tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>C\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n an to\u00e0n t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u bao g\u1ed3m kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u01b0u th\u00f4ng v\u00e0 x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng va ch\u1ea1m; v\u00e0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>C\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 l\u1ec7nh c\u1ea5m c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u00f3 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 l\u1ec7nh c\u1ea5m nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 diesel, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng, ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 nh\u00e3n xe (cho c\u1ea3 xe m\u1edbi v\u00e0 xe \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng) bao g\u1ed3m th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u, v.v.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"912\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-15.07.38-912x1024.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1818\" srcset=\"https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-15.07.38-912x1024.png 912w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-15.07.38-267x300.png 267w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-15.07.38-768x863.png 768w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-15.07.38-374x420.png 374w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-15.07.38-696x782.png 696w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-15.07.38-1068x1199.png 1068w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-15.07.38.png 1154w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 912px) 100vw, 912px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>H\u00ecnh 18. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 ki\u1ec3u m\u1eabu cho c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u HDV \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng. Ngu\u1ed3n: UNEP bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n, d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean d\u1eef li\u1ec7u thu th\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u, 2021<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>C\u1ea5m nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u xe t\u1ea3i n\u1eb7ng \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Trong s\u1ed1 146 qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t, 18 qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u00e3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng l\u1ec7nh c\u1ea5m ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi xe HDV \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u v\u00ec nhi\u1ec1u l\u00fd do kinh t\u1ebf, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i (h\u00ecnh 19). H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng l\u1ec7nh c\u1ea5m nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u xe HDV \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 ng\u00e0nh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c l\u1eafp r\u00e1p xe HDV trong n\u01b0\u1edbc. Tuy nhi\u00ean, l\u1ec7nh c\u1ea5m nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u xe HDV \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft chuy\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u1ed1t. L\u00fd do l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea5m nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u xe HDV \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ng\u00e0nh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c l\u1eafp r\u00e1p trong n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd c\u0169ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a xe y\u1ebfu. Ngo\u00e0i ra, l\u1ec7nh c\u1ea5m xe HDV \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn ch\u1ee7 s\u1edf h\u1eefu xe HDV k\u00e9o d\u00e0i th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu xe HDV c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd do gi\u00e1 mua xe HDV m\u1edbi cao<sup><strong>(5)<\/strong><\/sup>, do \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn m\u1ecdi c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 l\u1ee3i \u00edch v\u1ec1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9i xe. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, Ecuador v\u00e0 Nam Phi c\u1ea5m nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u xe t\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong khi v\u1eabn duy tr\u00ec ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a xe HDV m\u1edbi \u1edf m\u1ee9c Euro II. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 b\u1ed5 sung l\u1ec7nh c\u1ea5m nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u xe \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1eb1ng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i xe Euro VI \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi xe HDV m\u1edbi \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>H\u00ccNH 19. C\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia c\u1ea5m nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u xe h\u1ea1ng n\u1eb7ng \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"462\" src=\"https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-15.11.00-1024x462.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1823\" srcset=\"https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-15.11.00-1024x462.png 1024w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-15.11.00-300x135.png 300w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-15.11.00-768x346.png 768w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-15.11.00-932x420.png 932w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-15.11.00-696x314.png 696w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-15.11.00-1068x482.png 1068w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-15.11.00.png 1282w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>Ngu\u1ed3n: T\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p b\u1edfi UNEP, d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean d\u1eef li\u1ec7u thu th\u1eadp t\u1eeb c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u, 2021<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>Gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u xe HDV \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00ec ch\u00fang d\u1ec5 th\u1ef1c thi h\u01a1n c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00e1c. Trong s\u1ed1 146 qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t, 80 qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u xe HDV \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng kho\u1ea3ng 55 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m. Hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, g\u1ea7n 21 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia cho ph\u00e9p nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u xe HDV \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i t\u1ed1i \u0111a l\u00e0 n\u0103m n\u0103m, 28 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m cho ph\u00e9p xe HDV tr\u00ean ch\u00edn n\u0103m v\u00e0 g\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n ba kh\u00f4ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c, 58 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia \u1edf Ch\u00e2u \u00c1 Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng, 19 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m \u1edf Ch\u00e2u Phi<sup><strong>(6)<\/strong><\/sup>, 30 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m \u1edf Ch\u00e2u M\u1ef9 Latinh &amp; Caribe, 22 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c2u, Kavkaz v\u00e0 Trung \u00c1 v\u00e0 82 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia Trung \u0110\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i l\u00e0 5 tu\u1ed5i tr\u1edf xu\u1ed1ng ho\u1eb7c l\u1ec7nh c\u1ea5m ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u xe HDV \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng (h\u00ecnh 19 &amp; 20).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>M\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng HDV \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u \u0111i \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 c\u1ea5m xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u c\u00e1c HDV s\u1eafp h\u1ebft qu\u00e3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng kinh t\u1ebf theo nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc kinh t\u1ebf tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 qu\u1ed1c gia ho\u1eb7c khu v\u1ef1c xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u n\u00e0o th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n lu\u1eadt nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. \u1ede c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, nhu c\u1ea7u h\u00e0i h\u00f2a h\u00f3a lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p theo khu v\u1ef1c ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, 15 qu\u1ed1c gia thu\u1ed9c C\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Kinh t\u1ebf c\u00e1c Qu\u1ed1c gia T\u00e2y Phi (ECOWAS) \u0111\u00e3 th\u00f4ng qua ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb khu v\u1ef1c gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a HDV \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0 10 n\u0103m v\u00e0 n\u0103m n\u0103m \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi LDV v\u1edbi th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 m\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m (CCAC 2020).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>HDV \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i cao h\u01a1n LDV \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u01b0\u1eddng \u01b0u ti\u00ean h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi LDV h\u01a1n HDV do c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc v\u1ec1 chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 t\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u1eabu xe h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf t\u1eeb c\u00e1c th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ngu\u1ed3n. Do \u0111\u00f3, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ec1u \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a HDV cao h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a LDV \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb 24 qu\u1ed1c gia. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a HDV nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t h\u01a1n \u1edf Bangladesh v\u00e0 Peru so v\u1edbi LDV. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u00edt qu\u1ed1c gia \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i, n\u1edbi l\u1ecfng m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i xe n\u1eb7ng h\u01a1n. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, \u1edf Sri Lanka, xe bu\u00fdt \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i l\u00e0 3,5 n\u0103m \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi xe bu\u00fdt c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c ch\u1ee9a 10-12 ch\u1ed7 ng\u1ed3i, 5 n\u0103m \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi xe c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c ch\u1ee9a 13-24 ch\u1ed7 ng\u1ed3i v\u00e0 10 n\u0103m \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi xe c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c ch\u1ee9a h\u01a1n 25 ch\u1ed7 ng\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u1ede m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 qu\u1ed1c gia, xe s\u1ea1ch h\u01a1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mi\u1ec5n h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ec3 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch mua xe, v\u00ed d\u1ee5, \u1edf Fiji, h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi xe ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng d\u1ea7u diesel l\u00e0 n\u0103m n\u0103m ho\u1eb7c th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, xe ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u thay th\u1ebf nh\u01b0 LPG, CNG, N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, \u0110i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 Hybrid c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u khi t\u00e1m n\u0103m tr\u1edf l\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>H\u00ccNH 20. Gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi xe h\u1ea1ng n\u1eb7ng \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"583\" src=\"https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-15.19.42-1024x583.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1832\" srcset=\"https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-15.19.42-1024x583.png 1024w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-15.19.42-300x171.png 300w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-15.19.42-768x437.png 768w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-15.19.42-738x420.png 738w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-15.19.42-696x396.png 696w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-15.19.42-1068x608.png 1068w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-15.19.42.png 1188w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>Ngu\u1ed3n: T\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p b\u1edfi UNEP, d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean d\u1eef li\u1ec7u thu th\u1eadp t\u1eeb c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u, 2021<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>H\u00ccNH 21. B\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a xe h\u1ea1ng n\u1eb7ng \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"428\" src=\"https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-15.21.09-1024x428.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1834\" srcset=\"https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-15.21.09-1024x428.png 1024w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-15.21.09-300x125.png 300w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-15.21.09-768x321.png 768w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-15.21.09-1005x420.png 1005w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-15.21.09-696x291.png 696w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-15.21.09-1068x446.png 1068w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-15.21.09.png 1412w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>Ngu\u1ed3n: T\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p b\u1edfi UNEP, d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean d\u1eef li\u1ec7u thu th\u1eadp t\u1eeb c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u, 2021<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i HDV<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>L\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i cho HDV ng\u1eafn h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi LDV. Hi\u1ec7n nay, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u HDV \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 ban h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i \u1ed1ng x\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ea5p th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi cho HDV (Euro VI). Tuy nhi\u00ean, th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u v\u1eabn bao g\u1ed3m xe t\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, v\u1edbi 30 n\u0103m s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi HDV m\u1edbi, trong s\u1ed1 146 qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t, c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i HDV c\u00f2n thi\u1ebfu ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi 62 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia (h\u00ecnh 22). G\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n ba c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u00e3 tri\u1ec3n khai ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng Euro IV cho xe c\u01a1 gi\u1edbi ho\u1eb7c cao h\u01a1n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u00e3 ban h\u00e0nh ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i \u0111\u00f4i khi \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n n\u00e0y cho c\u1ea3 xe m\u1edbi v\u00e0 xe \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, \u0111\u00f4i khi ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng gi\u1eefa HDV m\u1edbi v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4i khi ch\u1ec9 xem x\u00e9t HDV m\u1edbi c\u00f3 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n cho HDV \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. N\u0103m 2020, 15 qu\u1ed1c gia T\u00e2y Phi \u0111\u00e3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh Euro IV \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi HDV m\u1edbi v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong khu v\u1ef1c v\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u. V\u00e0o n\u0103m 2022, 7 qu\u1ed1c gia th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a C\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0110\u00f4ng Phi c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh Euro IV \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00e0i h\u00f2a h\u00f3a theo khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i xe HDV v\u00e0 LDV m\u1edbi v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>H\u00ccNH 22. T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i xe h\u1ea1ng n\u1eb7ng m\u1edbi<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"508\" src=\"https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-15.27.13-1024x508.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1846\" srcset=\"https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-15.27.13-1024x508.png 1024w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-15.27.13-300x149.png 300w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-15.27.13-768x381.png 768w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-15.27.13-846x420.png 846w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-15.27.13-696x345.png 696w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-15.27.13-1068x530.png 1068w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-15.27.13-324x160.png 324w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-15.27.13.png 1326w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>Ngu\u1ed3n: T\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p b\u1edfi UNEP, d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean d\u1eef li\u1ec7u thu th\u1eadp t\u1eeb c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u, 2022<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>H\u00ccNH 23. Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i HDV \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng qua<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"458\" src=\"https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-15.28.16-1024x458.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1849\" srcset=\"https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-15.28.16-1024x458.png 1024w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-15.28.16-300x134.png 300w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-15.28.16-768x344.png 768w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-15.28.16-1536x687.png 1536w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-15.28.16-939x420.png 939w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-15.28.16-696x311.png 696w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-15.28.16-1068x478.png 1068w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-15.28.16.png 1556w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong><br>Source: Compiled by UNEP, based on data collected from import countries, June 2023<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u (GFEI 2013) ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c xe HDV kh\u00f4ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c ki\u1ec3m tra kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i h\u00e0ng n\u0103m, b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u thay v\u00ec s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa ho\u1eb7c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf. Trong nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf b\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u v\u00ec gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>M\u1ed9t c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu khi thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i ho\u1eb7c kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a xe l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u diesel c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia. Vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebfu d\u1ea7u diesel s\u1ea1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1ed1i \u01b0u c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, c\u00e1c xe HDV \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i Euro VI l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ea7n nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh th\u1ea5p 10 ph\u1ea7n tri\u1ec7u (ppm) ho\u1eb7c t\u1ed1i \u0111a l\u00e0 50 ppm \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a xe. V\u00ec v\u1eady, c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh th\u1ea5p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a xe theo Euro VI v\u00e0 l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i l\u00e0 5 n\u0103m ho\u1eb7c \u00edt h\u01a1n. Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng Li\u00ean h\u1ee3p qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 si\u00eau l\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i xe nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t h\u01a1n b\u1ed5 sung. T\u1eeb n\u0103m 2010, 53 qu\u1ed1c gia tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 chuy\u1ec3n sang nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh th\u1ea5p ho\u1eb7c c\u1ef1c th\u1ea5p, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia T\u00e2y Phi \u0111ang trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tri\u1ec3n khai c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n xe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh theo khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng qua v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 9 n\u0103m 2020 (h\u00ecnh 24). \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ea1 m\u1ee9c l\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh trong nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 \u0111ang trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tri\u1ec3n khai l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m th\u00eam m\u1ee9c l\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh trong nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-c5877bdfb27d1f88ece1b41ccbd798e7\"><strong>H\u00ecnh 24. M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 l\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh trong nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u diesel: T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"446\" src=\"https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-15.39.49-1024x446.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1855\" srcset=\"https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-15.39.49-1024x446.png 1024w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-15.39.49-300x131.png 300w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-15.39.49-768x334.png 768w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-15.39.49-1536x669.png 1536w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-15.39.49-965x420.png 965w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-15.39.49-696x303.png 696w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-15.39.49-1068x465.png 1068w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-15.39.49.png 1576w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>Ngu\u1ed3n: Bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n b\u1edfi UNEP, th\u00e1ng 6 n\u0103m 2023<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n s\u1ed1 d\u1eb7m<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia th\u01b0\u1eddng \u01b0u ti\u00ean h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi LDV h\u01a1n HDV ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu do c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc v\u1ec1 chi ph\u00ed, m\u1eabu m\u00e3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 t\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu v\u00ec hai l\u00fd do ch\u00ednh \u2013 i) HDV th\u1ea3i ra nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i h\u01a1n v\u00e0 k\u00e9m hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u01a1n tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i km so v\u1edbi LDV v\u00e0 ii) HDV trung b\u00ecnh di chuy\u1ec3n xa h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 lo\u1ea1i xe n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c h\u00e0ng n\u0103m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>M\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t ra h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 km \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi HDV \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, hi\u1ec7n nay, hi\u1ebfm c\u00f3 qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0o (c\u1ea3 xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u v\u00e0 nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u) \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean s\u1ed1 km \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i. Nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n n\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp \u1edf th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngu\u1ed3n, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u1edf c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u, l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 n\u1ebfu s\u1ed1 km \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd v\u00e0<br>\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>C\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh HDV<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 h\u00e0nh vi v\u00e0 gi\u00fap h\u1ee3p l\u00fd h\u00f3a v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a HDV \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c nhau &#8211; thu\u1ebf h\u1ea3i quan, thu\u1ebf ph\u1ee5 thu, VAT, ph\u00ed \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd, thu\u1ebf l\u01b0u th\u00f4ng, chi\u1ebft kh\u1ea5u, v.v. Thu\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi HDV nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a HDV ho\u1eb7c d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean CIF (Gi\u00e1 th\u00e0nh, B\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m v\u00e0 C\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00ed). V\u00ec HDV \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ebb h\u01a1n n\u00ean m\u1ee9c thu\u1ebf chung t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n. Trong cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t 146 qu\u1ed1c gia, m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh \u0111a d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh &#8211; thu\u1ebf gia t\u0103ng v\u00e0 thu\u1ebf c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi tu\u1ed5i \u0111\u1eddi, t\u1ed5ng tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng xe, lo\u1ea1i HDV (xe bu\u00fdt so v\u1edbi xe t\u1ea3i), k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 (t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 m\u1ee9c thu\u1ebf cao h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi dung t\u00edch xi lanh l\u1edbn h\u01a1n), thu\u1ebf m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, thu\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng v\u00e0 thu\u1ebf nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u xe lo\u1ea1i nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf (h\u00ecnh 25).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u00ed d\u1ee5,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>C\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u1edf c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t bao g\u1ed3m thu\u1ebf gia t\u0103ng v\u00e0 thu\u1ebf c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh theo \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i. Kho\u1ea3ng 22 qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u00e3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng thu\u1ebf theo \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u0111a d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4i khi m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn nhau.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Grenada l\u00e0 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u xe HDV \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. Do \u0111\u00f3, xe \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1eeb 1-4 n\u0103m ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu m\u1ee9c thu\u1ebf m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 2% trong khi xe HDV tr\u00ean n\u0103m n\u0103m ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu m\u1ee9c thu\u1ebf 30%.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>T\u1ea1i Tonga, xe c\u00f3 dung t\u00edch tr\u00ean 3000 cc ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu m\u1ee9c thu\u1ebf 1$\/cc \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi xe c\u00f3 tu\u1ed5i \u0111\u1eddi d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m, trong khi xe nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u00ean m\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu m\u1ee9c thu\u1ebf 50 cent\/cc.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>T\u1ea1i C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a Dominica, ph\u1ee5 ph\u00ed m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng bao g\u1ed3m 3.000,00 \u0111\u00f4 la cho m\u1ed7i \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi xe c\u01a1 gi\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb \u200b\u200bn\u0103m n\u0103m tr\u1edf l\u00ean; n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng, s\u1ebd ch\u1ecbu m\u1ee9c thu\u1ebf 1% gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb h\u1ea3i quan \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi xe s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t d\u01b0\u1edbi n\u0103m n\u0103m.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>T\u1ed5ng tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng xe ho\u1eb7c k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho thu\u1ebf m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, \u1edf Belize, xe bu\u00fdt c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c ch\u1ee9a t\u1eeb 10 \u0111\u1ebfn 20 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh thu\u1ebf t\u1eeb 27% \u0111\u1ebfn 35%, trong khi xe bu\u00fdt c\u00f3 h\u01a1n 21 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh thu\u1ebf 35%. Ngo\u00e0i ra, xe bu\u00fdt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m thu\u1ebf th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi \u00f4 t\u00f4, xe SUV v\u00e0 xe t\u1ea3i nh\u1ecf.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ghana \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng thu\u1ebf B\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m Y t\u1ebf Qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u xe \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i xe n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh thu\u1ebf t\u1eeb 0% \u0111\u1ebfn 2,5%.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh xe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, HDV hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i h\u00e0nh kh\u00e1ch ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea5n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n khi so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi LDV. \u0110\u1ec3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y vi\u1ec7c mua HDV, Jordan \u0111\u00e3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ebf \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho HDV &#8211; v\u1edbi xe t\u1ea3i tr\u00ean 4,5 t\u1ea5n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh thu\u1ebf 0% v\u00e0 xe t\u1ea3i d\u01b0\u1edbi 4,5 t\u1ea5n, xe b\u00e1n t\u1ea3i v\u00e0 xe t\u1ea3i nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n \u1edf m\u1ee9c 30 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m trong khi xe ch\u1edf kh\u00e1ch ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu m\u1ee9c thu\u1ebf 56%.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u1ede Bermuda, LDV b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh thu\u1ebf 75%  \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi 10.000 \u0111\u00f4 la \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00e0 150%  \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb tr\u00ean 10.000 \u0111\u00f4 la. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi HDV v\u00e0 xe lai, m\u1ee9c thu\u1ebf l\u00e0 33,5%. C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i xe ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu thu\u1ebf \u1edf m\u1ee9c 33,5%.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u1ede Afghanistan, xe bu\u00fdt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh thu\u1ebf h\u1ea3i quan th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n (10%) so v\u1edbi xe LDV (30% \u0111\u1ebfn 50%) \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u xe bu\u00fdt \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thay v\u00ec xe \u00f4 t\u00f4 ch\u1edf kh\u00e1ch.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>C\u00e1c \u01b0u \u0111\u00e3i gi\u1ea3m thu\u1ebf cho c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i xe HDV \u00edt ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 xe hybrid v\u00e0 xe \u0111i\u1ec7n, \u0111ang th\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u xe HDV \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, Bolivia \u0111\u00e3 ban h\u00e0nh S\u1eafc l\u1ec7nh T\u1ed1i cao s\u1ed1 4539 ng\u00e0y 7 th\u00e1ng 7 n\u0103m 2021, trong \u0111\u00f3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u00e1c \u01b0u \u0111\u00e3i v\u1ec1 thu\u1ebf v\u00e0 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh cho vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u xe \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 xe hybrid v\u00e0 l\u1eafp r\u00e1p m\u00e1y m\u00f3c n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 hybrid \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng (GFL 2021) T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2021, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Ukraine \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt Thu\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Ukraine, trong \u0111\u00f3 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 mi\u1ec5n thu\u1ebf nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh cho vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec3n khai xe \u0111i\u1ec7n (EV) t\u1ea1i Ukraine. C\u00e1c S\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i Thu\u1ebf EV, trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00e1c, quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c \u01b0u \u0111\u00e3i thu\u1ebf sau:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7 v\u1ec1 thu\u1ebf VAT nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u v\u00e0 thu\u1ebf h\u1ea3i quan t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y 1 th\u00e1ng 1 n\u0103m 2022 \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y 31 th\u00e1ng 12 n\u0103m 2030 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 t\u00f9ng thay th\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t xe \u0111i\u1ec7n, xe \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1ng n\u1eb7ng v\u00e0 xe s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed1t t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean ho\u1eb7c kh\u00ed sinh h\u1ecdc.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Cho \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y 31 th\u00e1ng 12 n\u0103m 2025, vi\u1ec7c b\u00e1n xe HDV \u0111i\u1ec7n, xe c\u1ed9 v\u00e0 xe ch\u1edf h\u00e0ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed1t t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean ho\u1eb7c kh\u00ed sinh h\u1ecdc tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba Ukraine \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mi\u1ec5n thu\u1ebf VAT.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Cho \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y 31 th\u00e1ng 12 n\u0103m 2035, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty ch\u1ec9 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111i\u1ec7n, pin, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb s\u1ea1c v\u00e0 xe \u0111i\u1ec7n, v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mi\u1ec5n thu\u1ebf thu nh\u1eadp (Radchenko, et al. 2021).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>C\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf xe HDV \u0111ang tr\u1edf n\u00ean ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a xe HDV c\u0169 tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. C\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf xe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng t\u1ea1i th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u cung c\u1ea5p gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p thay th\u1ebf kh\u1ea3 thi cho ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 xe HDV \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady cung c\u1ea5p cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khai th\u00e1c xe HDV \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c xe HDV k\u00e9m hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd thay v\u00ec v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00e1c. Vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec3n khai ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf xe t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khai th\u00e1c xe HDV \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i xe c\u0169 l\u1ea5y c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i xe m\u1edbi h\u01a1n, hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n n\u1ebfu k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 tri\u1ec3n khai ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf xe v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2021 \u0111\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf xe t\u1ea3i c\u0169 b\u1eb1ng xe t\u1ea3i m\u1edbi h\u01a1n k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh kh\u00e1c, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 thu\u1ebf \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd, tr\u1ee3 c\u1ea5p, chi ph\u00ed ki\u1ec3m tra, v.v. v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. Trong c\u00e1c NDC \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t, Argentina, Costa Rica, \u0110an M\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a Dominica \u0111\u00e3 tri\u1ec3n khai c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf xe.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u1edbm c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i xe HDV ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh nh\u01b0 m\u1ee9c ph\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9 \u01b0u \u0111\u00e3i. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u00e0o \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>H\u00ecnh 25. C\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u xe HDV \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"459\" src=\"https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-15.55.38-1024x459.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1872\" srcset=\"https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-15.55.38-1024x459.png 1024w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-15.55.38-300x134.png 300w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-15.55.38-768x344.png 768w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-15.55.38-938x420.png 938w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-15.55.38-696x312.png 696w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-15.55.38-1068x478.png 1068w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-15.55.38.png 1532w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>Ngu\u1ed3n: T\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p b\u1edfi UNEP, d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean d\u1eef li\u1ec7u thu th\u1eadp t\u1eeb c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u, 2021<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Ki\u1ec3m tra, c\u1ea5p ph\u00e9p v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Hi\u1ec7n nay, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n xe HDV th\u01b0\u1eddng bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i xe HDV c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u01b0u th\u00f4ng v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng va ch\u1ea1m b\u1ecb gi\u1ea3m s\u00fat, \u0111\u00f4i khi cao h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n so v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, tu\u1ed5i \u0111\u1eddi, m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 hao m\u00f2n v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. C\u00e1c ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 ki\u1ec3m tra, c\u1ea5p ph\u00e9p v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9ng minh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 trong vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a xe HDV \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia. C\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd nh\u01b0 v\u1eady v\u1edbi c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc kh\u00e1c nhau d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u1ee9c thu nh\u1eadp, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn xe \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, lo\u1ea1i c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng v\u00e0 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n do thi\u1ebfu c\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ki\u1ec3m to\u00e1n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p. C\u00e1c giao th\u1ee9c tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 sau khi ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u01b0u th\u00f4ng, ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng va ch\u1ea1m, ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i, ki\u1ec3m tra xe b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh c\u1eafp, ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 \u0111o qu\u00e3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, ki\u1ec3m tra b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1, v.v. Ki\u1ec3m tra tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi giao h\u00e0ng (PSI) ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p. Tuy nhi\u00ean, d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t, ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u00edt qu\u1ed1c gia nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c ki\u1ec3m tra tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi giao h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u r\u1ee7i ro nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i xe b\u1ecb l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng an to\u00e0n. C\u00f3 47 qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ki\u1ec3m tra tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi giao h\u00e0ng (PSI) (h\u00ecnh 26). PSI \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1edfi c\u00f4ng ty do qu\u1ed1c gia nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty nh\u01b0 Intertek, Trung t\u00e2m ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh xe xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n (JEVIC), Bureau Veritas cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 ki\u1ec3m tra nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2018, Jamaica \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng quy tr\u00ecnh PSI \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi xe \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea3o do \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 \u0111o qu\u00e3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a xe c\u01a1 gi\u1edbi b\u1ecb gi\u1ea3 m\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh s\u1ed1 km \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n, s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 n\u0103m s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u1ec1 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh sau ki\u1ec3m tra, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 13 qu\u1ed1c gia d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o quy \u0111\u1ecbnh sau ki\u1ec3m tra n\u00e2ng cao \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi xe HDV nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, C\u1ee5c Giao th\u00f4ng \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9 Brunei \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ki\u1ec3m tra k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi xe nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n l\u01b0u th\u00f4ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p xe HDV kh\u00f4ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua k\u1ef3 ki\u1ec3m tra, xe HDV \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p nh\u1eadp c\u1ea3nh v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 qu\u1ed1c gia c\u0169ng c\u00f3 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ea5p nh\u1eadp c\u1ea3nh \u01b0u \u0111\u00e3i cho xe \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2015, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Mexico \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ee3 c\u1ea5p nh\u1eadp c\u1ea3nh cho xe HDV \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1eeb Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u00e0 Canada. Do \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u m\u1ed9t xe HDV \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1eeb hai qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y trong v\u00f2ng m\u01b0\u1eddi hai th\u00e1ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd v\u1edbi &#8220;Patron de Importadores&#8221;, l\u00e0 c\u01a1 quan \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd nh\u00e0 nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a Mexico. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd c\u00f3 \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u nhi\u1ec1u xe HDV \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u01a1n, h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd v\u1edbi &#8220;Padron de Importadores&#8221;. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u cung c\u1ea5p h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u h\u00e0ng th\u00e1ng cho C\u01a1 quan Thu\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Mexico (ITA 2021). Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u xe HDV \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n d\u00e1n nh\u00e3n xe b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c; do \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t ki\u1ec3u lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u1eeb c\u00e1c th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00e1n nh\u00e3n xe HDV \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch t\u00e0i kh\u00f3a (nh\u1eafm m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau v\u00e0o c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i xe k\u00e9m hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3) \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 l\u1ea1i th\u1ecb ph\u1ea7n cho xe HDV \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>H\u00ecnh 26. Ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 ki\u1ec3m tra nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u xe HDV \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"471\" src=\"https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-16.00.16-1024x471.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1875\" srcset=\"https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-16.00.16-1024x471.png 1024w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-16.00.16-300x138.png 300w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-16.00.16-768x353.png 768w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-16.00.16-913x420.png 913w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-16.00.16-696x320.png 696w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-16.00.16-1068x491.png 1068w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-16.00.16.png 1430w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>Ngu\u1ed3n: T\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p b\u1edfi UNEP, d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean d\u1eef li\u1ec7u thu th\u1eadp t\u1eeb c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u, 2021<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>K\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c nhau<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>B\u00e1o c\u00e1o n\u00e0y xem x\u00e9t hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd xe h\u1ea1ng n\u1eb7ng \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1ea1i 146 qu\u1ed1c gia, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch, c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u HDV \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia t\u1eeb &#8216;r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t&#8217; \u0111\u1ebfn &#8216;r\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu&#8217;, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i v\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i HDV \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. C\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia c\u1ea5m xe h\u1ea1ng n\u1eb7ng \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i theo thang \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Thang \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd HDV \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho 146 qu\u1ed1c gia<sup><strong>(7)<\/strong><\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"499\" src=\"https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-16.08.28-1024x499.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1881\" srcset=\"https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-16.08.28-1024x499.png 1024w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-16.08.28-300x146.png 300w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-16.08.28-768x374.png 768w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-16.08.28-1536x749.png 1536w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-16.08.28-862x420.png 862w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-16.08.28-696x339.png 696w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-16.08.28-1068x521.png 1068w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-16.08.28-533x261.png 533w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-16.08.28.png 1916w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>B\u1ea3ng 4 &#8211; X\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1p l\u00fd c\u1ee7a xe h\u1ea1ng n\u1eb7ng \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng (th\u00e1ng 6 n\u0103m 2023)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"951\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-16.18.22-951x1024.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1884\" srcset=\"https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-16.18.22-951x1024.png 951w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-16.18.22-279x300.png 279w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-16.18.22-768x827.png 768w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-16.18.22-390x420.png 390w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-16.18.22-696x750.png 696w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-16.18.22-1068x1150.png 1068w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-16.18.22.png 1140w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 951px) 100vw, 951px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>H\u00ccNH 27. X\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u HDV \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"427\" src=\"https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-16.18.58-1024x427.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1886\" srcset=\"https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-16.18.58-1024x427.png 1024w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-16.18.58-300x125.png 300w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-16.18.58-768x320.png 768w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-16.18.58-1536x640.png 1536w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-16.18.58-2048x853.png 2048w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-16.18.58-1008x420.png 1008w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-16.18.58-696x290.png 696w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-16.18.58-1068x445.png 1068w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-16.18.58-1920x800.png 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>Ngu\u1ed3n: T\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p b\u1edfi UNEP, d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean d\u1eef li\u1ec7u thu th\u1eadp t\u1eeb c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u, 2023<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>Trong s\u1ed1 146 qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t, 76 qu\u1ed1c gia, chi\u1ebfm kho\u1ea3ng 52 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m, c\u00f3 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd &#8220;y\u1ebfu&#8221; ho\u1eb7c &#8220;r\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu&#8221; \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u xe h\u1ea1ng n\u1eb7ng \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng (h\u00ecnh 26 \u1edf tr\u00ean). 52 qu\u1ed1c gia, chi\u1ebfm g\u1ea7n 35%, c\u00f3 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch &#8220;t\u1ed1t&#8221; ho\u1eb7c &#8220;r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t&#8221;. Trong s\u1ed1 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c, M\u1ef9 Latinh v\u00e0 khu v\u1ef1c Caribe (\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 khu v\u1ef1c Caribe), n\u01a1i c\u00f3 g\u1ea7n ba ph\u1ea7n t\u01b0 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh y\u1ebfu, c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan t\u00e2m kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p. Ngo\u00e0i ra, 42% khu v\u1ef1c Ch\u00e2u \u00c1 &#8211; Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng, 44% Ch\u00e2u Phi, 72% \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c2u, Kavkaz, Trung \u00c1 v\u00e0 18% c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia Trung \u0110\u00f4ng c\u00f3 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh y\u1ebfu (h\u00ecnh 27).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Trong s\u1ed1 146 qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t, 23 qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u xe h\u1ea1ng n\u1eb7ng \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. Ngo\u00e0i ra, trong s\u1ed1 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia cho ph\u00e9p nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u xe h\u1ea1ng n\u1eb7ng \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ed1c gia \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111a h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i v\u00e0 tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i l\u0169y ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u xe HDV \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 Albania, Bangladesh, Benin, Bolivia, Costa Rica, Liberia, Pakistan, Sierra Leone, Singapore v\u00e0 Sri Lanka.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng Covid-19 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng th\u00eam c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111a d\u1ea1ng t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u xe h\u1ea1ng n\u1eb7ng \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2020, Algeria \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ed1i l\u1ea1i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u xe \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng sau l\u1ec7nh c\u1ea5m v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2014. V\u00e0o n\u0103m 2021, B\u1ed9 Kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 T\u00e0i ch\u00ednh Campuchia \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t gi\u1ea3m thu\u1ebf nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u xe. Thu\u1ebf h\u1ea3i quan \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi xe h\u1ea1ng n\u1eb7ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t c\u1eaft gi\u1ea3m t\u1eeb 40 xu\u1ed1ng 25 v\u00e0 30 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o lo\u1ea1i xe HDV \u0111\u1ec3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n t\u0103ng nhu c\u1ea7u nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed h\u1eadu c\u1ea7n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u v\u00e0 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i ch\u1edd xem b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ebd thay \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m t\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>HDV ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng xuy\u00ean bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi, do \u0111\u00f3, s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng mang l\u1ea1i t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. Tuy nhi\u00ean, vi\u1ec7c h\u00e0i h\u00f2a c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i HDV \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng. V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a UNEP, m\u01b0\u1eddi l\u0103m qu\u1ed1c gia thu\u1ed9c khu v\u1ef1c ECOWAS \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng minh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh t\u1ea1i Ch\u00e2u Phi b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u1ec1 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i Euro IV t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd 10 n\u0103m \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi HDV. H\u00ecnh 28 b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi cung c\u1ea5p t\u1ed5ng quan v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u <a href=\"https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/vi\/xe-hang-nang-da-qua-su-dung-va-moi-truong\/\">HDV<\/a> \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng theo khu v\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>H\u00ecnh 28. M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1p l\u00fd nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u xe h\u1ea1ng n\u1eb7ng \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng &#8211; T\u1ed5ng quan khu v\u1ef1c<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"701\" src=\"https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-16.23.27-1024x701.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1893\" srcset=\"https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-16.23.27-1024x701.png 1024w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-16.23.27-300x205.png 300w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-16.23.27-768x526.png 768w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-16.23.27-1536x1052.png 1536w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-16.23.27-613x420.png 613w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-16.23.27-218x150.png 218w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-16.23.27-696x477.png 696w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-16.23.27-1068x731.png 1068w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-16.23.27.png 1878w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>Ngu\u1ed3n: T\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p b\u1edfi UNEP, d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean d\u1eef li\u1ec7u thu th\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u, 2021<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p t\u1ea1i Ch\u00e2u Phi<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u xe h\u1ea1ng n\u1eb7ng \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o Ch\u00e2u Phi. Theo truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i n\u00e0y l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Ch\u00e2u Phi th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng cho ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u00f4 t\u00f4 ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch (Bardhan 2015). Nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 xe h\u1ea1ng n\u1eb7ng \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 do thi\u1ebfu nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y l\u1eafp r\u00e1p v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c cung c\u1ea5p xe m\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch gi\u00e1 cao. Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb xe h\u1ea1ng n\u0103ngj nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u (m\u1edbi v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng) v\u00e0o ch\u00e2u l\u1ee5c n\u00e0y \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh l\u00e0 1 t\u1ef7 \u0111\u00f4 la M\u1ef9 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2001, t\u0103ng l\u00ean 6,2 t\u1ef7 \u0111\u00f4 la M\u1ef9 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2010 (h\u00ecnh 29). Tuy nhi\u00ean, k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2010, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n 4 t\u1ef7 \u0111\u00f4 la M\u1ef9 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2019 v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 3,1 t\u1ef7 \u0111\u00f4 la M\u1ef9 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2020, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 do l\u1ec7nh phong t\u1ecfa v\u00e0 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf do \u0111\u1ea1i d\u1ecbch COVID g\u00e2y ra.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Xe bu\u00fdt chi\u1ebfm kho\u1ea3ng m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n ba s\u1ed1 xe h\u1ea1ng n\u1eb7ng nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u (c\u1ea3 m\u1edbi v\u00e0 c\u0169 v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb) trong khi xe t\u1ea3i chi\u1ebfm hai ph\u1ea7n ba gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb. Nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u xe h\u1ea1ng n\u1eb7ng v\u00e0o Ch\u00e2u Phi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u00e1 kho\u1ea3ng 7% th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i HDV to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng l\u00fd do cho gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb th\u1ea5p n\u00e0y, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn xe h\u1ea1ng n\u1eb7ng, l\u00e0 do l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba n\u00e0y ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9i xe HDV c\u0169. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 do nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia v\u1eabn c\u00f2n thi\u1ebfu ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c thi c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u xe h\u1ea1ng n\u1eb7ng &#8211; nh\u01b0 minh h\u1ecda trong h\u00ecnh b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi &#8211; c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ee9c mua t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khai th\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i xe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"630\" height=\"784\" src=\"https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-17.13.38.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1909\" srcset=\"https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-17.13.38.png 630w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-17.13.38-241x300.png 241w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-17.13.38-338x420.png 338w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 630px) 100vw, 630px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>Ph\u1ea7n  n\u00e0y t\u00f3m t\u1eaft chu\u1ed7i cung \u1ee9ng, quy m\u00f4 v\u00e0 &#8216;d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y&#8217; v\u1eadt l\u00fd c\u1ee7a HDV \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o Ch\u00e2u Phi. Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y c\u0169ng cung c\u1ea5p t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 ti\u1ec3u v\u00f9ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng HDV \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>H\u00ccNH 29. Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a xe h\u1ea1ng n\u1eb7ng<\/strong> <strong>nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u v\u00e0o Ch\u00e2u Phi (t\u1ef7 \u0111\u00f4 la M\u1ef9)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"878\" height=\"882\" src=\"https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-17.15.07.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1911\" srcset=\"https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-17.15.07.png 878w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-17.15.07-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-17.15.07-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-17.15.07-768x771.png 768w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-17.15.07-418x420.png 418w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-17.15.07-696x699.png 696w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 878px) 100vw, 878px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>Ngu\u1ed3n: T\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p b\u1edfi UNEP, d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean d\u1eef li\u1ec7u thu th\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb Trade Map, https:\/\/www.intracen.org\/<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfp theo cung c\u1ea5p t\u1ed5ng quan chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng xe h\u1ea1ng n\u1eb7ng \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u v\u00e0o Ch\u00e2u Phi t\u1eeb ba qu\u1ed1c gia xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t \u2013 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 EU, H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u xe h\u1ea1ng n\u1eb7ng \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1eeb EU<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>T\u1eeb n\u0103m 2015 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2019, s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng xe h\u1ea1ng n\u1eb7ng \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u v\u00e0o Ch\u00e2u Phi t\u0103ng v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 h\u00e0ng n\u0103m l\u00e0 10,1%, trong khi gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a xe HDV \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng gi\u1ea3m 2,7% h\u00e0ng n\u0103m. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u00fd do cho s\u1ef1 s\u1ee5t gi\u1ea3m n\u00e0y &#8211; tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd c\u1ee7a xe HDV \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u t\u0103ng, ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng xe HDV nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u k\u00e9m, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 do c\u1ea1nh tranh cao h\u01a1n d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn bi\u00ean l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn gi\u1ea3m, v.v. N\u0103m 2020 do \u0111\u1ea1i d\u1ecbch COVID, xe h\u1ea1ng n\u1eb7ng nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u v\u00e0o khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3m 27% v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 13% v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft xe HDV nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u v\u00e0o Ch\u00e2u Phi t\u1eeb EU l\u00e0 xe t\u1ea3i (97%), trong khi xe bu\u00fdt ch\u1ec9 chi\u1ebfm 3%. EU ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u sang c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia T\u00e2y Phi v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc Nam Phi, chi\u1ebfm 83% l\u01b0\u1ee3ng xe h\u1ea1ng n\u1eb7ng nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2019 (h\u00ecnh 30).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i HDV r\u1ebb nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u sang c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc Nam Phi v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb HDV trung b\u00ecnh l\u00e0 2.780 \u0111\u00f4 la M\u1ef9\/chi\u1ebfc v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2019. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i xe h\u1ea1ng n\u1eb7ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 cao nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u sang c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u00f4ng Phi v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 15.400 \u0111\u00f4 la M\u1ef9\/chi\u1ebfc. C\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i xe h\u1ea1ng n\u1eb7ng \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1eeb EU trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 2015 \u0111\u1ebfn 2020 l\u00e0 Nigeria, C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a Th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t Tanzania, Zimbabwe, Guinea v\u00e0 Libya. \u0110\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia \u1edf Ch\u00e2u Phi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh s\u00e1u khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 ra b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi (b\u1ea3ng 5)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>B\u1ea3ng 5: Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem x\u00e9t \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch<\/strong><sup><strong>(8)<\/strong><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"687\" src=\"https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-17.17.56-1024x687.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1915\" srcset=\"https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-17.17.56-1024x687.png 1024w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-17.17.56-300x201.png 300w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-17.17.56-768x515.png 768w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-17.17.56-1536x1031.png 1536w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-17.17.56-626x420.png 626w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-17.17.56-696x467.png 696w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-17.17.56-1068x717.png 1068w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-17.17.56-1920x1288.png 1920w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-17.17.56.png 2006w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>H\u00ecnh 30. Xe h\u1ea1ng n\u1eb7ng \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u v\u00e0o Ch\u00e2u Phi t\u1eeb EU<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"696\" src=\"https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-17.18.22-1024x696.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1916\" srcset=\"https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-17.18.22-1024x696.png 1024w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-17.18.22-300x204.png 300w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-17.18.22-768x522.png 768w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-17.18.22-618x420.png 618w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-17.18.22-696x473.png 696w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-17.18.22-1068x726.png 1068w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-17.18.22.png 1474w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"519\" src=\"https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-17.19.23-1024x519.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1918\" srcset=\"https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-17.19.23-1024x519.png 1024w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-17.19.23-300x152.png 300w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-17.19.23-768x389.png 768w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-17.19.23-1536x778.png 1536w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-17.19.23-829x420.png 829w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-17.19.23-696x353.png 696w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-17.19.23-1068x541.png 1068w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-17.19.23.png 1820w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Ngu\u1ed3n: UNEP d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean C\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u Eurostat Comext c\u1ee7a \u1ee6y ban ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, http:\/\/epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu\/newxtweb\/<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u xe HDV \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1eeb H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i HDV nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u v\u00e0o Ch\u00e2u Phi t\u1eeb ROK l\u00e0 xe bu\u00fdt (80%), trong khi xe t\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 chi\u1ebfm kho\u1ea3ng 20%. T\u1eeb n\u0103m 2015 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2019, nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u HDV \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng (theo \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb) \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 h\u00e0ng n\u0103m l\u00e0 11,4% (h\u00ecnh 31). Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2020 do \u0111\u1ea1i d\u1ecbch COVID, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u xe h\u1ea1ng n\u1eb7ng\u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3m 16%. ROK ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u sang c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia T\u00e2y Phi v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean minh Maghreb \u1ea2 R\u1eadp, chi\u1ebfm 86% l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2019. C\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u xe h\u1ea1ng n\u1eb7ng \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb ROK t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2015 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2020 l\u00e0 Ghana, Libya, Madagascar, Sudan v\u00e0 Djibouti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>H\u00ecnh 31. Xe h\u1ea1ng n\u1eb7ng \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u v\u00e0o Ch\u00e2u Phi t\u1eeb H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"547\" src=\"https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-17.21.11-1024x547.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1920\" srcset=\"https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-17.21.11-1024x547.png 1024w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-17.21.11-300x160.png 300w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-17.21.11-768x410.png 768w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-17.21.11-1536x820.png 1536w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-17.21.11-786x420.png 786w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-17.21.11-696x372.png 696w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-17.21.11-1068x570.png 1068w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-17.21.11-1920x1025.png 1920w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-17.21.11.png 1966w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>Ngu\u1ed3n: UNEP d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb C\u01a1 quan Th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c (KITA)<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u xe HDV \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1eeb Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>91% xe HDV nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u v\u00e0o Ch\u00e2u Phi t\u1eeb Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n l\u00e0 xe t\u1ea3i, trong khi xe bu\u00fdt ch\u1ec9 chi\u1ebfm kho\u1ea3ng 9%. T\u1eeb n\u0103m 2015 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2020, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng xe HDV \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u (t\u00ednh theo \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb) \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 h\u00e0ng n\u0103m l\u00e0 1,7% (h\u00ecnh 32). Trong khi xe bu\u00fdt \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u t\u1eeb Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n gi\u1ea3m v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 h\u00e0ng n\u0103m l\u00e0 10%, th\u00ec xe t\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u0103ng v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 h\u00e0ng n\u0103m l\u00e0 2,5%. Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u sang c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc Nam Phi v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean C\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0110\u00f4ng Phi, chi\u1ebfm 82% l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2020. C\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t xe HDV \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2015 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2020 l\u00e0 C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a Th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t Tanzania, Kenya, Nam Phi, Uganda, Nigeria, Mozambique, Botswana, C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 Congo, Zambia v\u00e0 Malawi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>H\u00ecnh 32. Xe h\u1ea1ng n\u1eb7ng \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u v\u00e0o Ch\u00e2u Phi t\u1eeb Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"428\" src=\"https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-17.22.52-1024x428.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1921\" srcset=\"https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-17.22.52-1024x428.png 1024w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-17.22.52-300x125.png 300w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-17.22.52-768x321.png 768w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-17.22.52-1536x642.png 1536w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-17.22.52-1006x420.png 1006w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-17.22.52-696x291.png 696w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-17.22.52-1068x446.png 1068w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-17.22.52-1920x802.png 1920w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-17.22.52.png 1992w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>Ngu\u1ed3n: UNEP d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean Hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i Th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i \u00d4 t\u00f4 Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf (iATA) www.iata-odo.jp<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1p l\u00fd cho xe HDV \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem x\u00e9t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u HDV \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u1edf Ch\u00e2u Phi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f3m t\u1eaft trong h\u00ecnh 33 b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>H\u00ecnh 33. C\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u HDV \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u1edf Ch\u00e2u Phi<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"895\" src=\"https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-17.28.09-1024x895.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1924\" srcset=\"https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-17.28.09-1024x895.png 1024w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-17.28.09-300x262.png 300w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-17.28.09-768x672.png 768w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-17.28.09-1536x1343.png 1536w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-17.28.09-480x420.png 480w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-17.28.09-696x609.png 696w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-17.28.09-1068x934.png 1068w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-17.28.09.png 1576w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>Trong s\u1ed1 54 qu\u1ed1c gia Ch\u00e2u Phi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem x\u00e9t trong b\u00e1o c\u00e1o n\u00e0y, b\u1ed1n m\u01b0\u01a1i t\u00e1m (48)<sup><strong>(9)<\/strong><\/sup> qu\u1ed1c gia chi\u1ebfm 89%, c\u00f3 c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u HDV \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng (h\u00ecnh 34). Nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh t\u1eeb cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t v\u1ec1 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kho\u1ea3ng 55% c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia \u1edf Ch\u00e2u Phi kh\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u HDV \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ho\u1eb7c thi\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u HDV \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, do \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u00e9o b\u1edf cho vi\u1ec7c b\u00e1n ph\u00e1 gi\u00e1 c\u00e1c HDV l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u HDV \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i. G\u1ea7n 63% c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia Ch\u00e2u Phi \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u HDV. Ch\u00edn qu\u1ed1c gia Ch\u00e2u Phi kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp ho\u1eb7c gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u HDV \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u HDV \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i. G\u1ea7n 63% c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia Ch\u00e2u Phi \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u HDV. Ch\u00edn qu\u1ed1c gia ch\u00e2u Phi kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp ho\u1eb7c gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u HDV \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u00f3 hai m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 quy tr\u00ecnh qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c theo \u0111u\u1ed5i \u1edf Ch\u00e2u Phi. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u00e3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u HDV \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u2013 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 Nam Phi, Ai C\u1eadp, Algeria, v.v. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u1edf c\u1ea5p ti\u1ec3u v\u00f9ng th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan kinh t\u1ebf ti\u1ec3u v\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 &#8211; m\u01b0\u1eddi l\u0103m qu\u1ed1c gia ECOWAS \u0111\u00e3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n v\u1ec1 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i Euro IV t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd l\u00e0 m\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c h\u00e0i h\u00f2a h\u00f3a c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch v\u1ec1 HDV \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ti\u1ec3u v\u00f9ng l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 do HDV ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng di chuy\u1ec3n qua bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi, do \u0111\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c thu th\u1eadp c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00e1c nhau gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00f4ng mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i (Ayetor et al. 2021). N\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a UNEP h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia ECOWAS v\u00e0 \u1ee6y ban ECOWAS s\u1ebd c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng HDV \u1edf T\u00e2y Phi khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7. Nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong C\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0110\u00f4ng Phi v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n Euro IV v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ea5p thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn theo khu v\u1ef1c ho\u1eb7c to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ee3p l\u00fd h\u00f3a d\u00f2ng HDV \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. Vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n Khu v\u1ef1c th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i t\u1ef1 do l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba ch\u00e2u Phi (AfCFTA) mang l\u1ea1i c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u HDV \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong khu v\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>H\u00ecnh 34. X\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u HDV \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o Ch\u00e2u Phi (2022)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"691\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-17.29.00-691x1024.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1925\" srcset=\"https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-17.29.00-691x1024.png 691w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-17.29.00-203x300.png 203w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-17.29.00-768x1137.png 768w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-17.29.00-284x420.png 284w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-17.29.00-696x1031.png 696w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-17.29.00.png 844w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 691px) 100vw, 691px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>Ngu\u1ed3n: T\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p b\u1edfi UNEP, d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean d\u1eef li\u1ec7u thu th\u1eadp t\u1eeb c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u, 2022<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"452\" src=\"https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-17.30.43-1024x452.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1927\" srcset=\"https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-17.30.43-1024x452.png 1024w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-17.30.43-300x132.png 300w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-17.30.43-768x339.png 768w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-17.30.43-1536x678.png 1536w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-17.30.43-951x420.png 951w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-17.30.43-696x307.png 696w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-17.30.43-1068x472.png 1068w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-17.30.43-1920x848.png 1920w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-17.30.43.png 1934w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh t\u1eeb cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t v\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u xe HDV sang Ch\u00e2u Phi c\u1ee7a H\u00e0 Lan<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>M\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng xe \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u sang Ch\u00e2u Phi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1edfi Thanh tra Giao th\u00f4ng v\u00e0 M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi H\u00e0 Lan, B\u1ed9 C\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng v\u00e0 Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd N\u01b0\u1edbc (2020). Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra r\u1eb1ng \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh 40% xe xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u t\u1eeb H\u00e0 Lan sang c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc Ch\u00e2u Phi c\u00f3 \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i (ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c). Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 so s\u00e1nh c\u00e1c xe h\u1ebft v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi (ELV) v\u00e0 xe h\u1ea1ng nh\u1eb9 xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u, v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c xe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn Ch\u00e2u Phi kh\u00e1 gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c xe ELV \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e1o d\u1ee1 t\u1ea1i H\u00e0 Lan, v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i (t\u1eeb 16-20 n\u0103m), lo\u1ea1i kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i Euro (Euro 2 v\u00e0 3) v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 km \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i. S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng xe HDV xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t t\u1eeb \u200b\u200bc\u00e1c c\u1ea3ng H\u00e0 Lan l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn Nigeria, Ghana v\u00e0 Burkina Faso (h\u00ecnh 35).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>H\u00ccNH 35. Xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u xe \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o Ch\u00e2u Phi t\u1eeb c\u00e1c c\u1ea3ng H\u00e0 Lan (2020)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"536\" src=\"https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-17.32.37-1024x536.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1930\" srcset=\"https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-17.32.37-1024x536.png 1024w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-17.32.37-300x157.png 300w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-17.32.37-768x402.png 768w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-17.32.37-802x420.png 802w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-17.32.37-696x364.png 696w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-17.32.37-1068x559.png 1068w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-17.32.37.png 1494w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Ngu\u1ed3n: Xe \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u sang Ch\u00e2u Phi, H\u00e0 Lan Thanh tra M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 Giao th\u00f4ng, B\u1ed9 C\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng v\u00e0 Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd N\u01b0\u1edbc, 2020<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i trung b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a xe th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i h\u1ea1ng trung v\u00e0 h\u1ea1ng n\u1eb7ng t\u1ea1i EU l\u00e0 12,4 n\u0103m v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2019. Nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc HDV c\u0169 nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i trung b\u00ecnh l\u00e0 17-20 n\u0103m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u sang Gambia, Guinea, Nigeria v\u00e0 Sierra Leone. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u0169ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra r\u1eb1ng h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c xe \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u1ea5y ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n l\u01b0u th\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7 t\u1ea1i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u sang<br>c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia Ch\u00e2u Phi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi xe \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1ea1i Nigeria (15 n\u0103m), Ghana l\u00e0 10 n\u0103m v\u00e0 B\u1edd Bi\u1ec3n Ng\u00e0 l\u00e0 5 n\u0103m (t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2018), nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc HDV c\u0169 h\u01a1n v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u (B\u1ea3ng 6). M\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n t\u01b0 s\u1ed1 xe HDV xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u sang Nigeria c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i t\u1eeb 22 n\u0103m tr\u1edf l\u00ean, trong khi \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi B\u1edd Bi\u1ec3n Ng\u00e0, Gambia, Guinea v\u00e0 Sierra Leone, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n t\u01b0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i t\u1eeb 18 n\u0103m tr\u1edf l\u00ean. Ngo\u00e0i ra, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u 5 n\u0103m \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi xe HDV t\u1ea1i Maroc, \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i trung b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a xe HDV nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u l\u00e0 7,7 n\u0103m, cho th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 l\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng trong vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c thi c\u00e1c h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>B\u1ea3ng 6. Ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a xe HDV \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o Ch\u00e2u Phi t\u1eeb c\u00e1c c\u1ea3ng H\u00e0 Lan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"892\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-17.34.20-892x1024.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1931\" srcset=\"https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-17.34.20-892x1024.png 892w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-17.34.20-261x300.png 261w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-17.34.20-768x882.png 768w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-17.34.20-366x420.png 366w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-17.34.20-696x799.png 696w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-17.34.20.png 942w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 892px) 100vw, 892px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Ngu\u1ed3n: Xe \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u sang Ch\u00e2u Phi, H\u00e0 Lan Thanh tra M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 Giao th\u00f4ng, B\u1ed9 C\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng v\u00e0 Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd N\u01b0\u1edbc, 2020<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c xe xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u \u1edf Ch\u00e2u Phi c\u00f3 qu\u00e3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i tr\u00ean 250.000 km (B\u1ea3ng 7). M\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n t\u01b0 s\u1ed1 xe <a href=\"https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/vi\/xe-hang-nang-da-qua-su-dung-va-moi-truong\/\">HDV <\/a>xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u sang Ghana, Nigeria, Gambia, Burkina Faso, Morocco, Guinea, C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire v\u00e0 Mali c\u00f3 qu\u00e3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i tr\u00ean 300.000 km. S\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u qu\u00e3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i cao cho th\u1ea5y kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc xe n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 s\u1ebd b\u1ecb th\u00e1o d\u1ee1 nh\u01b0ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u. Ngo\u00e0i ra, trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m tra th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecba, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 xe t\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 km \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i l\u00e0 600.000 km tr\u1edf l\u00ean tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 \u0111o qu\u00e3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. C\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c ki\u1ec3m tra th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecba c\u0169ng ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u1eb1ng t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng chung c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u xe t\u1ea3i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 m\u00f2n, g\u1ec9 s\u00e9t v\u00e0 n\u1ed9i th\u1ea5t xu\u1ed1ng c\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i xe xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u sang T\u00e2y Phi \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i Euro 3\/III ho\u1eb7c th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n (h\u00ecnh 36).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>B\u1ea3ng 7. S\u1ed1 d\u1eb7m c\u1ee7a xe HDV \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u v\u00e0o Ch\u00e2u Phi t\u1eeb c\u00e1c c\u1ea3ng H\u00e0 Lan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"877\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-17.36.08-877x1024.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1933\" srcset=\"https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-17.36.08-877x1024.png 877w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-17.36.08-257x300.png 257w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-17.36.08-768x897.png 768w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-17.36.08-360x420.png 360w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-17.36.08-696x813.png 696w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-17.36.08.png 918w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 877px) 100vw, 877px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1012\" height=\"778\" src=\"https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-17.36.42.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1935\" srcset=\"https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-17.36.42.png 1012w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-17.36.42-300x231.png 300w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-17.36.42-768x590.png 768w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-17.36.42-546x420.png 546w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-17.36.42-696x535.png 696w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1012px) 100vw, 1012px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Chi\u1ebfc xe t\u1ea3i n\u00e0y t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1994 cho Lagos Nigeria, gi\u00e1 5.750 euro \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e1o d\u1ee1 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2017 theo th\u00f4ng tin trong s\u1ed5 \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd xe<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>H\u00ecnh 36. Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a xe ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng d\u1ea7u diesel \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ebfn T\u00e2y Phi t\u1eeb c\u00e1c c\u1ea3ng H\u00e0 Lan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"755\" src=\"https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-17.38.51-1024x755.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1936\" srcset=\"https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-17.38.51-1024x755.png 1024w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-17.38.51-300x221.png 300w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-17.38.51-768x566.png 768w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-17.38.51-570x420.png 570w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-17.38.51-80x60.png 80w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-17.38.51-696x513.png 696w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-17.38.51-1068x787.png 1068w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-17.38.51.png 1376w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Ngu\u1ed3n: Xe \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u sang Ch\u00e2u Phi, Thanh tra M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 Giao th\u00f4ng H\u00e0 Lan, B\u1ed9 C\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng v\u00e0 Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd N\u01b0\u1edbc, 2020<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi xe bu\u00fdt v\u00e0 xe t\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i xe c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, ngay c\u1ea3 khi c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c trong vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c thi c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y. V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng, vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c thi v\u00e0 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t vi\u1ec7c tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng qua l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch. Ngo\u00e0i ra, khi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 x\u1eed l\u00fd kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u HDV c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i cho xe \u00edt t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m nh\u1ea5t, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 vi\u1ec7c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf<br>c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u00ed d\u1ee5, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a H\u00e0 Lan cho th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 xe \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e1o b\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i x\u00fac t\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn Ch\u00e2u Phi. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, do \u0111\u00e3 c\u0169 n\u00ean ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 B\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc h\u1ea1t diesel. Vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n sang c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i xe s\u1ea1ch h\u01a1n v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n h\u01a1n l\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m chung c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sau khi c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 b\u00e1o c\u00e1o ILT, Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 H\u00e0 Lan \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng, c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y quy \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a EU v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng xe \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a EU v\u1ec1 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh xe h\u1ebft h\u1ea1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u sang LMIC.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>UNEP \u0111ang d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u trong vi\u1ec7c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u s\u1ea1ch h\u01a1n v\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i xe t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m kh\u00ed h\u1eadu t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn. Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng xe h\u1ea1ng trung v\u00e0 HDV \u00edt carbon, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ecbch sang c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n, c\u0169ng s\u1ebd h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"654\" src=\"https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-17.41.14-1024x654.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1939\" srcset=\"https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-17.41.14-1024x654.png 1024w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-17.41.14-300x192.png 300w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-17.41.14-768x490.png 768w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-17.41.14-1536x981.png 1536w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-17.41.14-658x420.png 658w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-17.41.14-696x444.png 696w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-17.41.14-1068x682.png 1068w, https:\/\/nhatdiemhong.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Screenshot-2024-07-06-at-17.41.14.png 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right\">Theo United Nations Environment Programme<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>(1)<\/strong> S\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bV\u00e0nh \u0111ai v\u00e0 Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c do Trung Qu\u1ed1c d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eb1m th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i li\u00ean khu v\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i h\u01a1n 115 qu\u1ed1c gia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>(2)<\/strong> N\u0103m 2019, th\u1ecb ph\u1ea7n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t xe h\u1ea1ng n\u1eb7ng \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 EU l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00e0 52% v\u00e0 7% trong khi th\u1ecb ph\u1ea7n xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u xe HDV \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00e0 7,8% v\u00e0 43,5%.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>(3) <\/strong>D\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu th\u1eadp trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 2015-2020 v\u00e0 bao g\u1ed3m 97 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m t\u1ed5ng kim ng\u1ea1ch xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi (50 qu\u1ed1c gia h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>(4)<\/strong> D\u1eef li\u1ec7u cho b\u00e0i \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u ngu\u1ed3n kh\u00e1c nhau bao g\u1ed3m UNEP, c\u00e1c trang web h\u1ea3i quan \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, c\u00e1c trang web c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty \u00f4 t\u00f4, c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n tin. C\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi l\u1ea1i trong ph\u1ea7n ph\u1ee5 l\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>(5)<\/strong> V\u00ec xe HDV c\u0169 \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ebb h\u01a1n xe h\u1ea1ng n\u1eb7ng m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>(6)<\/strong> Ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 do ECOWAS (T\u00e2y Phi) m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 Ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>(7)<\/strong> Vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng v\u00e0 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh v\u00ec nh\u1eefng ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y kh\u00f3 so s\u00e1nh v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean thay \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>(8) <\/strong>Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i theo khu v\u1ef1c ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ph\u00e2n t\u00edch trong b\u00e1o c\u00e1o n\u00e0y. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng kinh t\u1ebf khu v\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>(9)<\/strong> D\u1eef li\u1ec7u cho b\u00e0i \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u ngu\u1ed3n kh\u00e1c nhau, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 trang web h\u1ea3i quan \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, trang web c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty \u00f4 t\u00f4, b\u00e1o c\u00e1o tin t\u1ee9c. C\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi l\u1ea1i trong ph\u1ea7n ph\u1ee5 l\u1ee5c.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i xe tr\u00ean 3,5 t\u1ea5n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i l\u00e0 xe h\u1ea1ng n\u1eb7ng (HDV) v\u00e0 bao g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i xe t\u1ea3i v\u00e0 xe bu\u00fdt kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1734,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[394],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-1657","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-industry-news"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Xe h\u1ea1ng n\u1eb7ng \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"B\u00e1o c\u00e1o n\u00e0y ph\u00e2n t\u00edch d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0 quy m\u00f4 c\u1ee7a xe h\u1ea1ng n\u1eb7ng \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng (heavy-duty vehicles - 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